-z6尊龙app官方网站

��ࡱ�>�� xz��w��u �r�|lbjbj�n�n2f��a��and ��""��8�le��olaaaaa��woyoyoyoyoyoyo$dq��s<}o��}o��aa4�o��a�awo��wo��a��t��>��co�o0�o�6t�r6t��"06t�l,��}o}o��o��6t��"qs: world development volume 172, issue 12, december 2023 1. title: synergies and trade-offs between agricultural export promotion and food security: evidence from african economies authors: e. aragie, j. bali�, c. morales, k. pauw abstract: several countries across the developing world have designed and implemented agricultural export incentives. however, little is known about the effects of these policies on various aspects of domestic food security. this study utilizes economywide models linked top-down with microsimulation modules to analyze the impacts of increased agricultural export promotion on the four dimensions of food security � availability, access, utilization, and stability � in three structurally food-insecure economies of ethiopia, kenya, and uganda. we find that agro-export promotion adversely affects all four aspects of food security in urban areas and at the national level due to significant increases in food prices domestically. however, it generally benefits households in rural areas. the food security effects are stronger in ethiopia and kenya. we also find that risks associated with the volatility in international markets and declines in domestic productivity can lead to further deterioration in access to food when countries implement outward-oriented agricultural policies. 2. title: the impact of an improvement in the quality and reliability of rural residential electricity supply on clean cooking fuel adoption: evidence from six energy poor indian states authors: sonia akter, nikhitha mary mathew, marian edward fila abstract: we present the first evidence of the causal effect of the quality and reliability of residential electricity supply on clean cooking fuel adoption and use in rural areas of six energy poor indian states using household-level panel data from 2015 and 2018. quality and reliability of electricity are measured using the number of hours of electricity supply in a day, the number of days of low voltage and the number of complete power outage days experienced in a month. we used the village-level variation in the coverage of a nationwide government program, (i.e., the deen dayal upadhyaya gram jyoti yojana (ddugjy)), that aimed to improve the quality and reliability of rural residential electricity supply, as an instrument. our results show a positive effect of an improvement in the quality and reliability of electricity on liquefied petroleum gas adoption and use; and disadoption of traditional cooking fuel. the effects were significant for both poor and non-poor, and lower-caste households� transition to clean cooking fuel. we find that the improvements in economic wellbeing, adoption of time-saving technologies, information access, and energy-efficient technology adoption played important mediating roles. these findings, for the first time, reveal the complementary role of electricity quality and reliability improvement with the adoption of clean energy sources, and thus supporting the achievement of important developmental outcomes. the findings thus underscore the need to invest in seamless and reliable electricity as a pathway to achieve the target of universal access to clean cooking fuels by 2030. 3. title: imports, supply chains and firm productivity authors: carol newman, john rand, finn tarp abstract: this paper explores how competition-induced productivity gains from imports in intermediate producing sectors transmit through the supply chain. based on firm-level panel data from vietnam, we show that in addition to the productivity premium associated with importing intermediate inputs, firms that use domestically-produced inputs from more import-intensive sectors also have higher productivity. we find evidence that import competition leads to product differentiation, in particular higher quality output in sectors where there is greater scope for quality variation, leading to better quality domestically-produced inputs. we also find evidence that non-importing firms that experience productivity gains due to greater import intensity in upstream sectors change their input mix and become more capital intensive. we conclude that ignoring the gains from trade through this mechanism may significantly underestimate the impact of trade on productivity. 4. title: trust in peacebuilding organizations: a survey experiment in haiti authors: zorzeta bakaki, han dorussen abstract: peacebuilding organizations are important to support development in countries disrupted by conflict or disasters. however, to function effectively, these organizations need to generate trust among locals. haiti has been flooded with foreign intervention following political upheaval in the 1990 s and even more so after the earthquake in 2010. the massive external involvement largely by-passed government institutions leading haiti to be described as a �republic of ngos�. the role of foreigners has become increasingly contested, but little is known about whether haitians consider all interventions and interveners similarly. our study examines variation in trust in political organizations, such as the un, ingos, and local community organizations, reporting on a country-wide survey experiment included about 3,000 respondents held in haiti in the autumn of 2019. our study finds that identifying the type of organization impacts significantly on people�s expectations and trust. contrary to common perceptions, we find no clear evidence that local organizations are trusted more than external organizations. local organizations are, however, seen as more capable than external organizations. ingos are generally seen as more inclusive and least affected by corruption. in line with our expectations, haitians view the un as least inclusive. 5. title: making concessions pay? historical vs. potential tax revenues from laos�s rubber sector authors: michael b. dwyer, vong nanhthavong abstract: under-taxation has been a prominent feature of the global land rush, figuring centrally in early concerns that transnational land deals constitute a new round of land grabbing rather than a source of productive investment. in the years since, however, under-taxation has been widely ignored in subsequent literature on state land concessions in the agri-plantation sector across the global south. to address this gap, this paper draws on ongoing research in laos, where improved concession inventory efforts have helped stimulate a wide-ranging debate (both in and out of government) about the country�s still-opaque processes of concession taxation. we use the rubber sector to examine a pair of concession-taxation strategies that have been pursued to varying degrees both in laos and more broadly: taxing land from the time it is alienated to a concessionaire (a land fee model), and taxing the resource itself � in this case rubber plantations � from the time they become productive (a royalty model). using a quantitative-geographic approach enabled by laos�s recently updated land concession inventory, we estimate potential tax revenues from rubber plantations under four taxation regimes that were deployed in various parts of the country over the last decade and a half: two of each type, with each type including higher and lower per-unit variants. our analysis of the space of potential taxation implies significant opportunity costs inherent in the status-quo approach to taxation, which we discuss via the example of unaddressed need for concession-related compensation. especially at the higher-end range, where taxation potentials total in the tens of millions of dollars per year, we find that laos�s rubber-concession landscape has significant potential to help address this issue. to the degree that under-taxation is addressed in the future, however, new concession-tax revenues will increasingly be subject to spending demands from outside the rubber sector. 6. title: pathways towards power shifts: state-society synergy authors: jonathan fox, rachel sullivan robinson, naomi hossain abstract: policy reformers often make bold promises to improve government responsiveness to citizen demands. yet such proclaimed openings from above often fall short, get diverted, or are blocked. this study uses the state-society synergy approach to analyze exceptional cases when reformers within the state managed to deliver openings for citizen action that tangibly empowered otherwise excluded or marginalized groups. what happens when these reform strategies are attempted? we used process tracing, combined with qualitative comparative analysis, to identify patterns across 19 cases in the global south where state actors created a more enabling environment for citizens� collective action. the study compares the triggers and scope of enabling state actions, the breadth and intensity of collective action, roadblocks within the state, and whether or not these interactive processes led to substantive power shifts in favor of the excluded. we find that half of these openings led to shifts towards greater power for either citizens or reformist actors within public institutions, in spite of both structural obstacles and governmental roadblocks. notably, power shifts occurred where reformers� initiatives to enable collective action were themselves most intensive (often but not always backed by political change). windows of opportunity were often open only briefly, until reformers lost power, and the pathways that led to power shifts combined collaborative and adversarial relationships. the power shifts identified were all incremental and uneven, and many were limited to subnational arenas. though some later stalled or were partly rolled back, from the point of view of socially and politically excluded groups they represented tangible improvements in the balance of power. while tangible openings from above are rare and conventional theory would expect little institutional change, the state-society synergy framework shows how state actions to reduce the risks or costs of collective action can enable pathways to power shifts. 7. title: air pollution and willingness to pay for health risk reductions in egypt: a contingent valuation survey of greater cairo and alexandria households authors: samar ghanem, silvia ferrini, corrado di maria abstract: egypt ranks first worldwide for the number of deaths attributable to pm2.5 air pollution, yet the economic value of improved air quality and the value of reducing mortality risk due to industrial air pollution has never been evaluated using primary data for egypt. in this paper, we fill this gap focusing on the greater cairo and alexandria metropolitan areas, where more than 80 percent of the country�s industrial activities take place. we find that 73% of the 1051 surveyed households are supportive of improved air quality strategy and a reduction by 50 percent from current level of pollution is valued between 212 and 302 le per month (13.5�19.3us$). the health risk reduction is measured with value of statistical life (vsl) measures that range between 3.81 and 7.0 million le (242,675�446,000us$). the results confirm that residents are sensitive to environmental air quality levels. furthermore, when provided with information about the health consequences of pollution, survey respondents increased both their level of support for the policy, and their willingness to pay for it. 8. title: governing the knowledge commons: hybrid relational�contractual governance in china�s mining industry authors: wanlin lin, peng wang, minjun yuan abstract: how do industry participants govern knowledge commons and deal with knowledge production and sharing? beyond privatized intellectual resources safeguarded by the intellectual property system (e.g., patent and z6尊龙app官方网站 copyrights), a knowledge commons is an alternative type of intellectual property regime that has become increasingly prevalent but remains understudied. substantiated by fieldwork data in three mining sites in china�s jiangxi province, this article examines the ways in which contractual and relational governance mechanisms work together to facilitate collaboration and innovation and mitigate ambiguity and volatility. this study contributes to the existing literature on knowledge commons and innovation governance and enhances the empirical understanding of innovation in emerging economies where formal protection of intellectual property is insufficient. 9. title: leaving no one behind: urban poverty traps in sub-saharan africa authors: teresa janz, britta augsburg, franziska gassmann, zina nimeh abstract: despite considerable achievements in the reduction of poverty over the last decades, poverty remains conspicuously high and profound. while fast urban population growth, especially in sub-saharan africa, has contributed to poverty reduction, new development challenges like the urbanisation of poverty emerge. however, little is known about the state and persistence of poverty in urban areas. this study investigates urban poverty within the theory of poverty traps among urban households in nigeria, tanzania and ethiopia, three countries in sub-saharan africa with large urban populations and fast urban population growth. using household panel data from the world bank�s living standard measurement study between 2008 and 2015, we test whether consumption-based poverty traps exist in these contexts. our results show that initially poor households experience an increase in well-being over time, while richer households face a decline and remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty. as households converge to consumption levels around the $3.20 poverty line, there is considerable movement into and out of poverty over time. however, a sticky consumption floor shows that despite upward dynamics amongst the poor, some are being left behind. finally, we argue that improved urban data is needed to identify the vulnerable middle, and to design structural policies preventing them from falling back into poverty. 10. title: the impact of community-based monitoring on public service delivery: a randomized control trial in uganda authors: tewodaj mogues, bjorn van campenhout, caroline miehe, nassul kabunga abstract: in many developing countries, poor delivery of public services remains an important problem. through community-based monitoring, beneficiaries of public services can apply bottom-up pressure to under-performing service providers and their political leadership. in this spirit, the government of uganda organizes community fora � popularly known as barazas � where citizens receive information from government officials and get the opportunity to challenge them. we designed a cluster randomized control trial to assess the impact of this policy intervention on public service delivery in agriculture, health, education, and infrastructure. we further test the relative importance of the two main components of the intervention�information provision and citizen engagement. we also compare the effectiveness of barazas organized at the district level to the effectiveness of barazas organized at the sub-county level. following a pre-specified confirmatory analysis, we do not find that the intervention has significant effects on general public service delivery, even though public services in the agricultural sector do improve. we discuss some of the potential reasons for this finding, including assumptions underlying the impact pathways, the political context in which the program was implemented, and challenges related to the evaluation of large policy programs. 11. title: sanctions effectiveness, development and regime type. are aid suspensions and economic sanctions alike? authors: clara portela, juan s. mora-sanguinetti abstract: the efficacy of international sanctions in bringing about compliance with the goals of the sender is of interest to both international relations (ir) and development scholars. yet, aid suspensions receive less attention in sanctions research than economic sanctions, which may be biasing our understanding of sanctions efficacy. since recent research has established that different autocratic types display diverging degrees of resilience to sanctions, we ascertain whether such claims are applicable to aid suspensions. we put forward several hypotheses. first, we look at how resilient different regime type are to sanctions, and then investigate whether results for aid suspensions differ from those for sanctions in general. after that, we hypothesise that wealth protects autocracies less from aid suspensions than from other sanctions because their effects are markedly harder to evade. with the help of econometric analysis, we test our hypotheses on original data that feature aid suspensions as a stand-alone category. test results unequivocally corroborate the superior resistance of single-party regimes and monarchies. importantly, with the only exception of the monarchic category, our results confirm the comparability of aid suspensions with other sanctions with regard to their effects on different regime types, corroborating that their marginal role in sanctions scholarship is unwarranted. a final test on the role of target prosperity uncovers an intriguing nuance: affluence strengthens target resistance to foreign policy sanctions but not to aid suspensions. this confirms our evasion hypothesis: while alternative trade routes can offset a ban on trade with a set of senders, substitute donors are rare. we conclude with some implications for further study. $%&(035679b��ʸʧ�ʸ�zf^qc5h0�h0�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jajh0�5�cjojqj^jaj h��5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�*�h�*�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h0�h0�5�cjojqj^jaj678��% & � ��&st��&�&��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4��$ % & ' ) / 0 � � � � ()��̿層��~�p~brp~brpdhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h|9gh|9g5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h0�h0�ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(ht45�ojqj^jo(h0�h0�5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo()��Ϳ��͜��͜��~qd�wi;h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jh�7yh�7yojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h�7yh�7y5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h|9gh|9gojqj^j�� %&/0rstuw}~��ǹ��xj�\nj�\>hvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh�,�h�,�5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(hlx_hlx_ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(hlx_hlx_5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(�&�&�&�&�&�&�&''''e'f'o'p'h/i/j/k/m/��ƚ��x�j�z��mƚ@�h|�5�ojqj^jo(h �h �ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jh �h �5�ojqj^jhr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�,�h�,�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^j�&'f'i/j/�/0l4m4�45x8y8�8 9�>�>?e?�d�d=enenlpl��gd�gd�s�gd�_gdlz�gd�)ggd|�gd)w�gdr7am/s/t/�/�/�/00(0)0k4l4m4n4p4v4w4�4�4��ָ��vi[mi?1hvi�h�)g5�ojqj^jh �h �5�ojqj^jh�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(hf�hf�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h|�5�ojqj^jhf�hf�5�ojqj^jh|�5�ojqj^jo(h|�h|�5�ojqj^j�4�4�45555w8x8y8z8|8�8�8�8�8�8 9 99��ƹ��wi[n@2[@ƹhvi�hlz�5�ojqj^jh;-�h;-�5�ojqj^jhlz�5�ojqj^jo(hlz�hlz�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h �h �ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h �h �5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h�)gh�)g5�ojqj^j99�>�>�>�>�>�>�>?? ?d?e?n?o?�d�d�d�d��˾��y��i[�n@�3h�s�5�ojqj^jo(h}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h\�h\�ojqj^jh$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�_5�ojqj^jh\�h\�5�ojqj^jh�_5�ojqj^jo(h�_h�_5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h;-�h;-�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(�d�d�d�d&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=��in��a7��qb&>!"�h [�� lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=��q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl��%�� n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax��/=xe��'5��&\�h�4da��,ye\}�)�l�a��r�^��*�z��y�v-wowz�n�]��:m�v�=t�c��w��r�b��*i�v�u�r��u��|�nc`�|��*^��pk! ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m �0��wooӻ�&݈э��5 6?$q�� ,.�a��i��c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt��8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p��8�g/]�qasم(��#��l�[��pk-!��[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky��theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!��f��theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-! ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]� |df�� )�m/�49�d|l')* ,./01�&pl|l(-2�@� @��h ��0�( � ��0�( � ��b �s�� ?��aefklu{�� %��im�'�'((((�,�,�,-�0�0�0�0�011 1*262 7'7(7.7:7d7o7t7v7\7]7d7�8�8�:�:�:�:l=s=`@k@ndpdqdsdtdvdwdyd}d�-.nd}d388dmdndpdqdsdtdvdwdyd}d$&(03588b��%0��)�� %0r~��eph't'�'�'()(k,w,�,�,--w0�0�0�0 11�6�67 7d7o7�<�<�<�<<=f=m=x=md}d��q04e��n[g],-�o��`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~�� {r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� ��j�l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��kd�yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�` rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a 6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[� k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~� ��y��k� ?i�� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw" ��z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u kkkkdw" q�x�=e' -h� k^r� �^�vxb� �=#�/y�pur �� 'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&��` [� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"��[��h�2��d��t��w�8i� (f�tl(��}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4�";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d� )r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v��/)#kxcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#��<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7�� e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t an�gap�y8��x��s��d��z��j�vzq��t\ ~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�` rq1��yn�pur �p}�� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#��2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f��)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�� {p��c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc��-x*�y��->o.-dt��t�.��z]�.�x��u5/<}7/d|��>/�y/ds}��/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2 �z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~�w�3ui�� 3dj�u�3��x@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l�5h 5�^b^� -a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5 -a5�a 6�`d�#6ghch�81�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1��@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gr f8c�]��jo8�~�8��8��b�n9?oi�q�9�a:�kx_�s�:kkkk�3�:�!�q�o";�4mjjo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�? u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8��doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an��a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\��ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y��f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l��zwr� {r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� (u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=fzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��,!u�rdi�@gku�u0 g�u��uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v�j$w�w�w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y��x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv��q�yv^mc��y<z�&xfk{z�kd �zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�` [�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s��7y]�>aqs�]��c�]hv�i��]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_�kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,�� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t a��&na[mk,�9a��q��a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^��c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee��l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u �t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/v,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tkzl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l�^(m��k��.�mz*�ma�� m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po� ��"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg��o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7�c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ��qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm-dt�y�)1:to �v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�enx[�x,mnf�x&xn �x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7��yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o��z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{ hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s� u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\ ~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i��x��m�j��[w�3`2 r� �p j^�n�_ati�wb��.h j<sh�to>s�r#�l$�}&�m'�m(�)�g)%j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�6*8;i8cj8�9�^9�i;�e=k&>e!@jj@�b@r7a�ec�nd�udvf|9g�gg0i4tj�kul%mtman�%s.wmkxgy�py�]�^ro_lx_5a�7ahc 2e�lf�qf�)gjmi�ckalthllmnnm}on[r�ps0@ui1vyw�7yv_yicy�x}�/�.�wt�mw��=��=� ��`�j�nj��9�l�.~�v�=h��j��~�du�� =i�fj�to�4��m�r��2�)w��lz��,��c�f�7�u<�[��t��r��cb��^�v� y��\�a�vi�|w�r��$?��n��v�� !�s/��8�*��-��_�$-��f�><��r�?*��c� �7"��s�?5��"�gl�bj�h�8��-�� "�l%�\�w�p�2��;-��y��0��*��e�`-�|�ndpd�@�mdmdmdmd|d�@��unknown��g��.�[x� �times new roman5��symbol3.��.�[x� �arial7.��[ @�verdana;��(�[sosimsuna��$b�cambria math 1��h;"�f��g�`6 8:"|6 8:"|q-!),.:;?]}�� & 6"0000 00 00000�� =�@�\�]�^��([{� 0 000000��;�[��ldld 2�q��hp��?��"�2!xx��userlib-x�� oh�� '��0t�� (4<dl�usernormallib-x159microsoft office word@@�,1@�y��\�@�j_>�6 8:�� ՜.�� ,��0� x`t|��microsoft|"ld !"#$%&'()* ,-./0123��56789:;��=>?@abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz[\]^_`abcdef��hijklmn��pqrstuv��y��root entry�� f0m��>�{�data ��41table��<6tworddocument��2fsummaryinformation(��gdocumentsummaryinformation8��ocompobj��n�� fmicrosoft word 97-2003 �ĵ� msworddocword.document.8�9�q