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volume 53, issue 4, may 2024
1. title: reluctance to pursue breakthrough research: a signaling explanation
authors: damien besancenot, radu vranceanu
abstract: the current state of scientific research is disappointing due to the lack of significant breakthroughs, despite an ever-increasing number of publications and substantial resources invested in r&d activities. this paper proposes a signaling model as a complementary explanation to this phenomenon. if managers of research institutions can observe publications but are unable to observe breakthrough innovations, low-skilled scholars might reduce their investment in exploratory research and instead invest time in publishing as many papers as high-skilled scholars. this would allow them to claim the same level of compensation. in response to the imitation by low-skilled scholars, high-skilled scholars would publish even more, reaching a point where low-skilled scholars would abandon the imitation strategy. this mechanism leads to an equilibrium with (1) insufficient investment in exploratory research by high-skilled scholars, (2) excessive focus on publishing papers, (3) reduced effectiveness of resource-based incentives for exploratory research, and (4) reduced effectiveness of reward-based incentives for research.
2. title: linguistic distance to english impedes research performance
authors: yihui cao, robin c. sickles, thomas p. triebs, justin tumlinson
abstract: today, scientific knowledge is predominantly disseminated in english. we show that global universities� research performance, as measured by publications in top journals, declines as the differences between their local language and english increase. this effect is robust to controls for university factors like proportion of international staff and faculty-to-student ratio, as well as country-level factors like economic development, youth academic achievement, university degree rate, politics, culture, trade with and geographic distance to english-speaking countries, among others. this quantification of the research performance penalties induced by linguistic distance from the lingua franca may inform policy makers who must balance trade-offs between embracing english against cultural and local labor market pressures to orient around the local language.
3. title: network pathways of peripheral firm entry: empirical evidence from the global airline industry
authors: leonardo corbo, raffaele corrado, simone ferriani
abstract: previous research on interfirm collaboration indicates that networks tend to be structurally stable due to path dependence and embedded firms' incentives to preserve their positional advantages. as a result, industry networks often resemble a core-periphery structure where peripheral firms seem to have little or no opportunity to access the core. yet, under certain conditions, peripheral firms do manage to cross over to the industry center. in this paper, we examine one such condition: a sudden and unexpected change in the external environment. more specifically, we examine the relationship between the occurrence of an industry-level disruptive event and the dynamics of tie formation/dissolution facilitating or inhibiting peripheral firms' progress toward the center of the industry network. we substantiate our investigation by using longitudinal data on the alliance activities of 258 airlines and applying stochastic actor-oriented models (saom). we integrate our statistical analysis with interview material and descriptive network analysis. the findings reveal a variety of patterns of network entry, contributing novel insights to theories on network dynamics, innovation, as well as policy and practice.
4. title: green technological diversification: the role of international linkages in leaders, followers and catching-up countries
authors: nicoletta corrocher, simone maria grabner, andrea morrison
abstract: to promote a more environmentally sustainable economy, countries need to broaden their innovation activities to include green technologies. in this process, the increasing global interconnectedness and internationalisation of innovative activities underlines the growing importance of external knowledge linkages. this paper examines how different categories of countries - technological leaders, catching-up countries and follower countries - diversify into green technologies by exploiting different types of external linkages through co-inventions with international partners. the dataset covers 49 countries over a period of 40 years. the results show that it is complementary linkages, rather than external linkages alone, that facilitate related diversification in the green sector. moreover, while complementary linkages have a significant impact on the ability of catching-up countries and followers to diversify into less complex and widely diffused green technologies, the diversification pattern of leaders is more oriented towards complex technologies in their early stages. therefore, green technology development policies should actively promote international cooperation as it has the potential to catalyse green catching-up and foster sustainable growth.
5. title: boundary-spanning technology search, product component reuse, and new product innovation: evidence from the smartphone industry
authors: kyung yul lee, hyun ju jung, youngsun kwon
abstract: we investigate how two experiences of technology search and product component reuse singly and jointly drive firms to generate subsequent new product innovations. we conceptualize fine-grained types of product component reuse based on whether product components are reused for the first time or multiple times and are introduced internally or externally. our baseline hypothesis is that firms' boundary-spanning search for technology will increase their generation of new product innovations. then, we hypothesize that when firms first reuse product components, the reuse of internally introduced product components will generate more new product innovations than the reuse of externally introduced product components; when firms reuse product components multiple times, the reuse of externally introduced product components will generate more new product innovations than the reuse of internally introduced product components. for the interplay between two types of experiences�the technological search and product component reuse�we propose that when firms reuse their own product components for the first time, the positive effect of boundary-spanning search on new product innovations will weaken; when firms reuse other firms' product components multiple times, the positive effect of boundary-spanning search on new product innovations will be strengthened. we corroborate our hypotheses using data on patents of smartphone manufacturing firms and components of smartphone devices introduced worldwide from 2006 to 2018. we find broad support for our hypotheses. our findings imply that firms' product component reuses have multifaceted effects on new product innovations and that the attentional coordination of firms' experiences across technology search and product component reuse is critical in shaping new product innovations.
6. title: mentored without incubation: start-up survival, funding, and the role of entrepreneurial support organization services
authors: paige clayton
abstract: this paper asks how start-ups' participation in a mentoring program relates to finance and survival outcomes and how these outcomes differ for mentored firms compared to non-mentored and incubated firms in the same region. drawing on the entrepreneurial support organization, mentoring, and innovation literatures, i posit that mentored firms will perform better than non-mentored firms, and that the specific micro-mechanisms of mentoring will lead to varied finance and survival outcomes for mentored as compared to incubated start-ups. exploiting detailed data on the universe of entrepreneurial life sciences firms in the research triangle region of north carolina over a 25-year time period and matching methods, results indicate that mentored firms perform better in terms of finance than non-mentored firms. exploratory empirical extensions reveal mentored firms receive greater private and federal public funding than incubated firms, but not local public funding. neither mentoring nor incubation services relate to survival outcomes. the paper concludes with practical implications for entrepreneurial support organization managers and economic development.
7. title: how technoscientific knowledge advances: a bell-labs-inspired architecture
authors: venkatesh narayanamurti, jeffrey y. tsao
abstract: understanding how science and technology advance has long been of interest to diverse scholarly communities. thus far, however, such understanding has not been easy to map to, and thus to improve, the operational practice of research and development. indeed, one might argue that the operational practice of research and development, particularly its exploratory research half, has become less effective in recent decades. in this paper, we describe a rethinking of how science and technology advance, one that is consistent with many (though not all) of the perspectives of the scholarly communities just mentioned, and one that helps bridge the divide between theory and practice. the result is an architecture we call �bell's dodecants,� to reflect its six mechanisms and two flavors, and their balanced nurturing at bell labs, the iconic 20th century industrial research and development laboratory.
8. title: an identity perspective on the diffusion of user innovations in the household sector
authors: xin yu, jeroen p.j. de jong
abstract: user innovations are widely present in the household sector, but often do not spread to others because users lack incentives to sell and/or share. previous studies of what alleviates this diffusion problem were empirically driven, while a theoretical framework that integrally explains alleviating factors is missing. we fill this void by proposing an identity perspective based on users' eudaimonic motivation: diffusion efforts may be in line with users' aspired �daimon� or true self. an identity perspective unites previously unconnected alleviating factors (commercial motivation, community involvement, common cause motivation) and enables theorizing about interaction effects. we identify three types of user innovator identity with potential relevance for diffusion: professional, community-oriented and societal. survey data of 999 chinese user innovators confirm that aspired professional identity is associated with sales effort, and community-oriented and societal identity with free sharing. moreover, community-oriented and professional identity interact positively with selling effort. we conclude that an identity perspective enhances our understanding of the diffusion of user innovations to everyone's benefit.
9. title: algorithmic management in scientific research
authors: maximilian koehler, henry sauermann
abstract: artificial intelligence (ai) can perform core research tasks such as generating research questions, processing data, and solving problems. we shift the focus from ai as a �worker� to ask whether, how, and when ai can also �manage� human workers who perform such tasks. focusing on the context of crowd science, we find examples of algorithmic management (am) in five key functions highlighted in prior organizational literature: task division and task allocation, direction, coordination, motivation, and supporting learning. these applications benefit from the instantaneous, comprehensive, and interactive capabilities of ai, and reflect several more general underlying functions such as matching, clustering, and forecasting. quantitative comparisons show that projects using am are larger and more likely to be associated with platforms than projects not using am, pointing to potentially important contingency factors. we conclude by outlining an agenda for future research on algorithmic management in scientific research.
10. title: financial market integration and the effects of financing constraints on innovation
authors: david heller
abstract: this paper investigates the effects of financial market integration on firm-level external debt financing and subsequent inventive activities. to this end, i exploit the implementation of the financial services action plan (fsap) as a positive exogenous shift integrating european banking markets during the 2000s. my findings show that higher integration relaxes financing constraints, with significant positive effects on firms� use of debt and interest burden, particularly for ex-ante financially constrained firms. moreover, financial integration spurs innovative activities in terms of patenting of those firms that benefited from the reforms. considering a variety of qualitative dimensions shows that lifting financing constraints improves patent quality for a subset of previously constrained firms with low ex-ante patenting intensities (entrants) while adversely affecting the inventive output of incumbent patentees in the spirit of a quantity�quality tradeoff. these findings highlight the key function of a conducive financing environment for inventive activities but also reveal unintended limitations of policy-induced improvements in access to financing.
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