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��ࡱ�>�� pr����o��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r��?bjbjqq2xee�7 ���������������������8lf��ol������&� �nopopopopopopoq��s:po������po����4eo���������no��no�������� ��` ���j�:o{o0�o��stf�s��*0�s��l���������popo������o�������������������������������������������������������������������������s���������� �: urban studies volume 49(3), feb 2012 1. title: evaluating the economic impacts of light rail by measuring home appreciation: a first look at new jersey�s river line authors: daniel g. chatman, nicholas k. tulach, and kyeongsu kim abstract: economic benefits are sometimes used to justify transport investments. such was the case with the river line of southern new jersey, usa, which broke ground in 2000 and began operating in 2004. recently, the line has been performing near full capacity and there is evidence that it has spurred development. disaggregate data on owned-home appreciation are used to investigate the initial economic impacts of the line, looking carefully at non-linearity in the appreciation gradient, differential effects of station ridership and parking, redistribution of property appreciation gains and differences by property and neighbourhood type. at this time, the net impact of the line on the owned housing market is neutral to slightly negative. while lower-income census tracts and smaller houses seem to appreciate near the station, this may be a value transfer from farther-away properties not favoured with access. few studies have previously looked for such effects. 2. title: labour mobility and housing: the impact of housing tenure and housing affordability on labour migration in the czech republic authors: martin lux and petr sunega abstract: this article examines whether housing tenure and regional differences in housing affordability have an impact on labour mobility. this relationship is important for understanding the sources of structural unemployment and impediments to economic growth. using two sample surveys from the czech republic, this research reveals that at the individual level housing tenure is the most powerful factor determining willingness to change residence for employment reasons. a time-series regression analysis reveals that the impact of housing affordability on observed interregional migration patterns is relatively weak and that this effect is concentrated among the highly educated seeking employment in the capital, prague. these results demonstrate that housing tenure has a significant impact on labour migration plans in case of unemployment and that the dynamic impact of regional differences in housing affordability on labour mobility is concentrated within the most highly skilled segment of the labour force. 3. title: perception of insecurity in french poor neighbourhoods: racial proxy or pure discrimination hypotheses? authors: jean-louis pan k� shon abstract: many poor neighbourhoods, home to both socially disadvantaged populations and to foreigners, are characterised by a strong perception of insecurity. the purpose of this article is determine the origin of this perception. to do so, two possible causes are dissociated: racial prejudice and racial proxy (the ethnic minorities are perceived in terms of the negative social characteristics that are often associated with them). more specifically, it is shown that the �ethnic� variable captures the effects of an overconcentration of poverty, approximated here by the concentration of unemployment, but that these two variables act separately. this result should be taken into account in the policies implemented by public authorities and local actors. in this study, an original methodology is applied based simultaneously on individual geocoded data, the proportion of foreigners, the unemployment rate at the neighbourhood level and an indirect indicator of perceived insecurity. 4. title: urban policy engagement with social sustainability in metro vancouver authors: meg holden abstract: this article presents an analysis of social sustainability in comparative theoretical context and as a challenge to the post-political interpretation of sustainability in policy practice at the urban and regional scales. metro vancouver provides a case study for improving our understanding of the meaning of social sustainability as a framework for social policy in that it is among the handful of cities around the world currently working to define and enact social sustainability in governance terms. results of this participant research provide evidence that some cities are politically engaging alternative development pathways using the concept of social sustainability. for sustainable development to retain its promise as an alternative policy framework for cities, social sustainability must be at the forefront. 5. title: metropolitan fragmentation and neo-localism in the periphery: revisiting the case of curitiba authors: jeroen klink and rosana denaldi abstract: in this paper, the curitiba-centred narrative on the success of its urban planning experience will be qualified in light of the complexities of its metropolitan development trajectory. it will be claimed that the institutional vacuum that surrounds brazilian metropolitan areas in general, and greater curitiba in particular, has been intensified by the emergence of a competitive and decentralised state spatial regime, which has consolidated a fragmented and neo-localist system of governance. preliminary empirical evidence will be provided on the challenges that are being faced within the new regime in articulating socio-spatial, economic and environmental strategies in the direction of a more sustainable metropolitan future. 6. title: spatial variations in us poverty: beyond metropolitan and non-metropolitan authors: man wang, rachel garshick kleit, jane cover, and christopher s. fowler abstract: because poverty in rural and urban areas of the us often has different causes, correlates and solutions, effective anti-poverty policies depend on a thorough understanding of the ruralness or urbanness of specific places. this paper compares several widely used classification schemes and the varying magnitudes of poverty that they reveal in the us. the commonly used �metropolitan/non-metropolitan� distinction obscures important socioeconomic differences among metropolitan areas, making our understanding of the geography of poverty imprecise. given the number and concentration of poor people living in mixed-rural and rural counties in metropolitan regions, researchers and policy-makers need to pay more nuanced attention to the opportunities and constraints such individuals face. a cross-classification of the office of management and budget�s metro system with a nuanced rudc scheme is the most effective for revealing the geographical complexities of poverty within metropolitan areas. 7. title: negotiating networks of self-employed work: strategies of minority ethnic contractors authors: tara fenwick abstract: within the increased flexible, contracted work in cities, employment is negotiated through network arrangements characterised by multiplicity, mobility and fluidity. for black and minority ethnic group members, this network labour becomes fraught as they negotiate both their own communities, which can be complex systems of conflicting networks, as well as non-bme networks which can be exclusionary. this discussion explores the networking experiences of bme individuals who are self-employed in portfolio work arrangements in canada. the analysis draws from a theoretical frame of �racialisation� to examine the social processes of continually constructing and positioning the other as well as the self through representations in these networks. these positions and concomitant identities enroll bme workers in particular modes of social production, which order their roles and movement in the changing dynamics of material production in networked employment. 8. title: union decline and voice among minority ethnic workers: do community-based social networks help to fill the gap? authors: jane holgate, anna pollert, janroj keles, and leena kumarappan abstract: this paper reports on a study of the experiences of minority ethnic workers in seeking advice and support for workplace problems. our focus on three minority ethnic groups (kurdish, black caribbean and south asian) in three specific localities of london is unique in that it provides new micro-level qualitative data on whether or not local social networks are utilised to assist with employment problems. the research explores workers� knowledge of what employment advice is available in their localities and their experiences of seeking advice. interviewees included community advice workers, trade unionists, lawyers and funding bodies about the extent of local employment provision. the findings show that there are few places to turn and a dearth of individual employment advice. 9. title: networks of support for new migrant communities: institutional goals versus substantive goals? authors: robert mackenzie, chris forde, and zinovijus ciupijus abstract: this article examines the role of support mechanisms for new migrant communities provided by networks of statutory, third-sector and refugee community organisations. the article explores the dynamics of the relationships between support groups, with analysis located in the urban context of northtown. the findings point to the possibility of tension between migrant support groups where there is a perceived need to compete over resources or political influence. moreover, it is argued that there is a risk that institutional goals of organisational sustainability may take precedence over substantive goals of support provision. the ability of support groups to assert agency in terms of strategic responses to structural constraints on sustainability is explored. it is argued that an organising logic based on the creation of a political community within the new migrant population can prove more sustainable than contingent communities based on commonalities of language or nationality. 10. title: trade union learning strategies and migrant workers: policies and practice in a new-liberal environment authors: robert perrett, miguel mart�nez lucio, jo mcbride, and steve craig abstract: this paper examines trade union networking and community-oriented activity through the recent development of learning strategies in relation to migrant workers. the paper locates the discussion on learning in relation to union attempts to develop a broader urban and community-based view of the union as an organisation. it assesses the innovative ways trade unions deploy their learning strategies given the challenges associated with a liberal market economy, in particular, in relation to poor levels of co-ordination amongst key social organisations and low levels of state commitment to the area of training. the paper draws on five empirical case studies of such innovative union approaches and concludes that many of these learning initiatives represent a significant intervention by unions in local urban and community-based contexts. however, it also notes that these appear to be disconnected from stable and consistent forms of local community-based organisation and, in part, remain enveloped in a marketised project-based approach which is piecemeal and in many aspects financially dependent on the state. 11. title: transformation and continuities in urban struggles: urban politics, trade unions and migration in spain authors: miguel mart�nez lucio andheather connolly abstract: spain was one of the countries at the heart of the work of manuel castells due to its history of urban struggles and labour�urban based alliances. it formed one of the key examples of city movements and the democratisation of urban spaces. the 1960s and 1970s were seen to throw up a range of new types of urban mobilisation and engagement�in part based on issues of internal migration and its urban and employment impact. with the changes in spain during the late 1970s and 1980s�which were economic, political and social�this dimension of urban politics steadily fell away, although spain continued to exhibit unique organisational forms at the level of the local state and local civil society. civic politics were linked to local associations in a curious way, but the extent of mobilisation had changed due to the steady institutionalisation of urban and labour movements (and a weakening of their relations). however, this civic dimension began to re-emerge with the strong wave of immigration after the mid 1990s when, from being a country with one of the lowest levels of first-generation immigrants, it has become the european country with one of the highest. the paper focuses on the way migrant organisations and trade unions have organised in relation to migrants in the labour market. it shows how the legacy of previous mobilisations and structures continues to provide a framework for the politics and inclusion of migrant communities. however, it also argues that much of the new urban politics of migration has been influenced by a service delivery�leading to a similar set of outcomes that faced the indigenous urban movements of the 1960s and 1970s. this is of theoretical significance to how we see network and urban politics in relation to unions and employment relations. 12. title: laure bl�vis anderic pezet authors: cftc/cfdt attitudes towards immigration in the parisian region: making immigrant workers� condition a cause abstract: this paper, which is based on the detailed analysis of the post-war archives of the french christian union conf�d�ration fran�aise des travailleurs chr�tiens (cftc), which became the conf�d�ration fran�aise d�mocratique du travail (cfdt) in 1964, highlights the difficulties, both from a practical and ideological point of view, for a militant organisation to embrace the cause of immigrant workers and to give them a voice. the cfdt had to �construct� immigrant workers as a group they could represent, which means as a group that relates to french workers, despite possible xenophobia. a key moment was the denunciation of their housing conditions that make immigrant workers not competitors in the job market but victims of injustice. the union had to reinvent its engagement frames in order to include the specific problems faced by the immigrant workforce. the study shows that the urban dimension was essential in this process as paris slums made visible an important plight of migrants and provided the opportunity to change public opinion.       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