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��ࡱ�>�� ~��}��u �r��pbjbj�n�n2r��a��af ��""��8�d]�>plyyyyy��o�o�o�o�o�o�o$�q�`t<�o9��o��yy4�o___��y�y�o_��o___y��.b��o_�op0>p_�t:�t__�0�t�5lp��_��o�o��>p��t��"qs: science and public policy volume 50, issue 3, june 2023 1. title: the promise of artificial intelligence in combating public corruption in the emerging economies: a conceptual framework authors: henry adobor and robert yawson abstract: in this conceptual paper, we explore how artificial intelligence (ai) holds promise as an important and additional tool for combating corruption in public procurement in emerging economies. we aim to extend the understanding of how the emergent technology of ai may be another important tool in the fight against corruption in emerging economies. we discuss how ai and related emergent technologies can help build greater accountability and transparency regimes in public procurement, a key source of public corruption. we argue that there are infrastructural, social, ethical, and political challenges to the successful use of emerging technologies of ai in the fight against public corruption. we make inferences from the discussion and provide some tentative guidelines for policymakers. we suggest that using ai as part of a program of institutional reforms in the public sector would increase technology�s role and contributions to the fight against systemic corruption in public procurement in emerging economies. 2. title: perspectives on the narrowing and clustering of research trajectories: an epistemic threat to medical progress? authors: mark p khurana and emil bargmann madsen abstract: evidence suggests that a certain degree of clustering and narrowing of research trajectories is occurring, both on the individual and disease levels. mechanisms of this process include biases in funding, a lack of coordination among funders, the significant funding role of for-profit actors, and lobbying by special interest groups. the implication is that fewer individuals might control the direction of research and certain diseases could garner a disproportionate amount of attention and resources, which could be an epistemic threat to medical progress. in this perspective article, we highlight the scale of the issue, mechanisms underlying this process, and their effects on medical progress. the article also explores potential solutions to counteract an excessive narrowing and clustering, highlighting the importance of individual researchers, patients, research organizations, and funders in ensuring that a sufficiently-diverse set of medical research trajectories are being pursued. 3. title: online panel work through a gender lens: implications of digital peer review meetings authors: helen peterson and liisa husu abstract: previous studies have highlighted how the academic peer review system has been marked by gender bias and nepotism. panel meetings arranged by research funding organisations (rfos), where reviewers must explain and account for their assessment and scoring of grant applications, can potentially mitigate and disrupt patterns of inequality. they can however also constitute arenas where biases are reproduced. this article explores, through a gender lens, the shift from face-to-face to digital peer review meetings in a swedish rfo, focusing on the implications for an unbiased and fair grant allocation process. drawing on twenty-two interviews with panellists and staff in the rfo, the analysis identifies both benefits and challenges of this shift, regarding use of resources, meeting dynamics, micropolitics, social glue, and possibilities for group reflections. rfos deliberating digitalisation of their peer review processes need to consider these implications to develop policies promoting unbiased and fair grant allocation processes and procedures. 4. title: the role of intermediaries in nurturing innovation ecosystems: a case study of singapore�s manufacturing sector authors: huey yuen ng, yining luo, hyunkyu park abstract: hitherto marginalized in the extant innovation studies is the role of intermediaries in innovation ecosystems, which require greater coordination and orchestration between manifold organizations. we conduct qualitative research on the precision engineering centre of innovation to understand how this government-affiliated intermediary in singapore takes the initiative in shaping an innovation ecosystem through which local/foreign precision engineering firms, government agencies, and multinational corporations harmoniously co-develop advanced manufacturing capabilities. by analyzing the qualitative data through the theoretical lenses of innovation ecosystem and intermediary, our findings reveal that intermediaries nurture ecosystems in four major steps: (1) developing the ecosystem vision, (2) forming the ecosystem community, (3) orchestrating the ecosystem resources, and (4) materializing the new value proposition. based on this process model, the implications for innovation intermediary research, innovation ecosystem studies, and innovation policy are discussed. 5. title: missions as boundary objects for transformative change: understanding coordination across policy, research, and stakeholder communities authors: matthijs j janssen, joeri wesseling, jonas torrens, k matthias weber, caetano penna, laurens klerkx abstract: recent times have seen the rediscovery and adaptation of mission-oriented innovation policies (mips) for driving transformative change. while such policies seek to mobilise and align stakeholders, little is known about how missions feature in policy coordination processes. we argue that to facilitate the still troublesome operationalisation of mips, it is essential to understand missions as �boundary objects� that have some shared meanings among the participants they convene, yet are open enough to be interpreted differently by distinct actors gathering in four interconnected policy arenas�i.e. a strategic, programmatic, implementation, and performance arena. by studying the european commission�s horizon europe missions, we unravel how missions as boundary objects enable and disable the coordination of heterogeneous communities. the resulting analytical perspective highlights three key mechanisms for coordinating mission meanings across communities and arenas: convergence�divergence, passage, and reflexive learning. we conclude with research avenues for studying missions as boundary objects for facilitating concerted action. 6. title: chinese public university patents during 2006�20: a comprehensive investigation and comparative study authors: lin zhang, fan qi, ying huang, bart van looy, lixin chen, ozcan saritas abstract: promoting growth in patent activity was an important stated goal of china�s medium- and long-term plan for science and technology development (2006�20), and it was a successful one. by the end of this ambitious blueprint, china had witnessed enormous growth in the number of granted patents, especially those granted to public universities. this vital role played by universities in technology innovation justifies further research on the role of academia with respect to the development of technology. however, most studies on patenting by chinese universities are limited in terms of research scale and context, and patent performance is seldom investigated in great detail. this study first presents an overall analysis of the utility patents granted to chinese public universities (not utility model patents). then, we compare the patent performance of two elite university groups: project 985 universities in china and member institutions of the association of american universities (aau) in the usa. our results show that chinese universities account for a high proportion of the total patents granted in china, and the number of patents granted to universities has grown rapidly in recent decades, making them a very substantial contributor to china�s innovation system. however, the value of patents did not improve as their counts surged. compared to aau universities, the technological and economic value of patents held by project 985 universities is considerably lower, even for the top-patenting universities in china. these findings extend our understanding of technological innovation activity in china�s academic landscape and might inspire future policies toward patent quality and impact. 7. title: university�industry cooperation: a taxonomy of intermediaries authors: telmo n santos, jos� g dias, sandro mendon�a abstract: the fragmentation of the literature on intermediaries between the university and industry has led to a disorganised and confused theoretical landscape. this research addresses this gap in the literature by proposing an analytical tool that can be used as guidance. for this purpose, this work provides a taxonomy of these intermediaries and classifies them into five different classes. to this end, we review 125 studies on university�industry cooperation (uic) intermediaries. in addition to the general and innovation-related information, we extracted specific data related to the relevant uic intermediaries from each article, i.e. the type(s) of intermediary addressed and its identified functions. this taxonomy is based on twenty-two functions identified in the uic intermediary literature and thirteen uic intermediary types. the five proposed classes of intermediaries are specialised in five different roles. this integrative background can be applied in future research and in the definition of policy-based guidelines. 8. title: european scholarly journals from small- and mid-size publishers: mapping journals and public funding mechanisms authors: mikael laakso and anna-maija multas abstract: this study investigates the relationship between scholarly journal publishing and public funding, specifically concerning the context of small- and mid-sized journal publishers in european countries. as part of the movement towards open science, an increasing number of journals globally are free to both read and publish in, which increases the need for journals to seek other resources instead of subscription income. the study includes two separate components, collecting data separately for each european country (including transcontinental states): (1) the volume and key bibliometric characteristics of small- and mid-sized journal publishers and (2) information about country-level public funding mechanisms for scholarly journals. the study found that there are 16,387 journals from small- and mid-sized publishers being published in european countries, of which 36 per cent are already publishing open access. there is a large diversity in how countries reserve and distribute funds to journals, ranging from continuous inclusive subsidies to competitive grant funding or nothing at all. 9. title: opportunity or responsibility? tracing co-creation in the european policy discourse authors: anja k ruess, ruth m�ller, sebastian m pfotenhauer abstract: co-creation seems to be flourishing across innovation policy discourses: the concept suggests that engaging diverse actors throughout innovation processes will unlock new sources of innovation and conduce robust outcomes. while co-creation seems to embrace new and diverse participation opportunities, it is necessary to interrogate how it affects existing notions of public engagement. in this paper, we explore the discursive uptake of co-creation in european innovation policy. drawing on a qualitative discourse analysis of european union (eu) publications, we scrutinize the value propositions of co-creation and discuss them in light of the existing public engagement literature. we find that the eu tends to foreground alleged economic benefits of co-creation over questions of social justice. to that effect, it consistently conflates citizens, consumers, and users and blurs the line between self-motivated opportunity and democratic legitimacy. countering the prevalent co-creation optimism, we propose a more nuanced outlook on co-creation that should prompt further scholarly inquiry. 10. title: a research on the effectiveness of innovation policy for regional innovation under chinese long-range plan authors: boxu yang, xielin liu, yuchen gao, langmei zhu abstract: by adopting a set of panel data from thirty provinces in china from 2007 to 2017, this paper examines how regional innovation efficiency is influenced by different types of innovation policies from a specific long-range plan (�national medium- and long-term science and technology development plan (2006�20)�). we incorporate public direct research and development (r&d) grants, r&d tax credits, and intellectual property rights (ipr) protection into our research. we also explore the heterogeneous influences of these factors at different stages in regional innovation development. the results indicate that public direct r&d grants have a significantly negative influence, especially in innovation-catching-up regions. conversely, the r&d tax credit has a considerably positive impact on innovation-catching-up regions. ipr protection plays various roles according to different innovation development stages. specifically, ipr protection has a positive impact on innovation-leading regions, while it negatively influences regional innovation efficiency in innovation-catching-up regions. 11. title: mission-oriented innovation policy as a hybridisation process: the case of transforming a national fertilising system authors: erkki-jussi nyl�n, jan-erik johanson, jarmo vakkuri abstract: policymakers and researchers have discussed mission-oriented innovation policies (mips) as one way to tackle the grand challenges of modern societies. our contribution to mip research is to provide a case analysis of the unfolding of such a policy from a hybridity perspective. hybridity refers to the amalgamation of public policies, private efforts, and voluntary activities when pursuing societal aims. in practice, hybridity integrates value propositions from governments, markets, and civil society. our case study subject is the finnish nutrient recycling (nr) policy. the nr policy aims to supersede the dominance of chemical fertilisers with organic fertilisers. we analysed forms of hybridity and hybrid constellations of actors that were initiated as part of the finnish nr policy. subsequently, we analysed how the value-creation mechanisms of legitimising, compromising, and mixing appear in the nr policy. as a result, we conceptualised what the process of hybridisation entails in the context of mips. 12. title: open science�related policies in europe authors: sh moradi and s abdi abstract: this study aims to review the open science (os) policy documents, identify their subject areas, and distinguish the topics of os support policies in seven european countries, providing a platform for practical cooperation between countries in science popularization. with a qualitative�inductive approach, all pertinent policy documents in os were collected through documentary study, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify os policies for each country. finally, forty-six policy documents extracted up to december 2020 were thematically analyzed through a qualitative�inductive case study. all selected countries had developed os policies, and these supportive policies were generally related to the three dimensions of �open input, open process, and open output�. in �open input�, recommendations for the performance of research data repositories, as well as management criteria, are considered. most countries adopted �open output� protectionist policies. multiple policies in the �open process� indicate the need for an appropriate os platform. 13. title: competition, open innovation, and growth challenges in the semiconductor industry: the case of europe�s clusters authors: robert huggins, andrew johnston, max munday, chen xu abstract: in recent years, public policymakers in europe have become increasingly aware of the need to support europe�s failing semiconductor industry. this is an emerging policy area, and this paper examines the current state of the industry in europe and assesses its potential future. it contends that the competitiveness of the industry will be related to its innovative capacity, especially its capability to engage in processes of open innovation. the industry in europe is largely located in a number of discrete regional clusters, and the analysis focuses on data collected from a series of interviews with lead representatives of these clusters. the analysis indicates that the challenges facing the industry stem from the structure of the industry in europe and the structure of the wider european technology industry. it is concluded that policies, such as the introduction of the european chips act, are likely to have a limited, or even negative, impact on the types of open innovation�led growth that will improve long-term competitiveness. 14. title: boundary work in the regional innovation policy mix: sme digital technology diffusion policies in wales authors: dylan henderson abstract: in recent decades, research has begun to examine the concept of the regional policy mix and its implications for regional innovation. while this has highlighted the role of interactions between multilevel policy instruments and the potential for duplication and synergies, it has tended to underplay the contribution of policy actors to managing such policy mix processes. this paper seeks to add to this literature by introducing the concept of boundary work, viewing it as a form of agency practice seeking to create, maintain, and disrupt instruments within the policy mix. through a case study of digital technology diffusion instruments in wales (uk), this paper examines the actors, practices, and effects of boundary work in the regional policy mix. the findings show that boundary work can help manage tensions in 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