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��ࡱ�>�� fh����e��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r�gdbjbj����2h����y' ������������������8;ddjl���������i�i�i�i�i�i�i$�k�rnh�i-�������i����4j�������i��i������q�%�{�i4j0dj�n{d�nn/�n�ggp��������i�i�:���dj�������������������������������������������������������������������������n���������� �: journal of public administration research & theory volume 20, issue 3, july 2010 1. title: temporary crises and priority changes: the case of state substance abuse systems authors: michael r. sosin, steven rathgeb smith, timothy hilton, and lucy p. jordan abstract: many doubts have been expressed about the capacity of states to administer federally supported social service programs. this article relies on institutional theory, punctuated equilibrium theory, and evidence from two states to analyze the way states administer the programs in times of fiscal crisis. the particular context is the fiscal crisis of the early 2000s in substance abuse programs. the analysis suggest that, during the crisis, state administrative authorities and the providers they funded refocused services on federal rather than local priorities. the states and providers also further integrated substance abuse services with the services of other programs and promoted managerial practices that seemed to loosen the match between services and clients. the findings point to some of the ways in which the states� capacities to respond to crises can be undermined by the national trend toward encouraging state discretion. findings also reveal challenges for state-level crisis management. 2. title: explaining cross-country differences in performance-related pay in the public sector authors: carl dahlstr�m and victor lapuente abstract: this article aims to explain cross-country variations in a paradigmatic element of the new public management reforms: the shift from low-powered incentives (i.e., flat salaries) to high-powered ones (i.e., performance-related pay [prp] systems). it presents a theoretical model based on insights developed for understanding the success of performance-related incentives in the private sector. economic literature has underlined the need for a system of separation of interests within firms to make promises on incentives credible. the interests of those who benefit from the incentives (e.g., owners) must be relatively different from the interests of those who manage the incentive system (e.g., managers). similarly, this article argues that incentives in the public sector are more likely to be implemented in those administrations in which there is a relative separation between those who benefit from the incentives (e.g., politicians) and those who manage the incentive system (e.g., senior civil servants). where the interests of both groups overlap (e.g., the careers of senior officials and politicians are intertwined), incentives will be less credible and thus less likely. a quantitative analysis for 25 organization for economic co-operation and development countries confirms that prp is significantly more used in contexts with clear separation of interests between politicians and senior civil servants. 3. title: the determinants of conflict on governing boards in public organizations: the case of california school boards authors: jason a. grissom abstract: this article examines the influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on decision-making conflict on governing boards in public organizations. using survey data from more than 700 school board members in california, i investigate the degree to which various characteristics of the environment in which the board operates, processes the board implements, and traits of board members themselves predict how often the board experiences division among its members and how well its members report being able to work together. the findings point out that external characteristics play a large role in predicting intraboard conflict. in particular, boards in urban districts with large numbers of nonwhite students and more active interest group environments experience greater conflict. however, internal characteristics also make a difference. boards that use more professional decision practices and whose members share a common vision for their work experience conflict at substantially lower rates. also, whereas ideological heterogeneity among board members positively predicts conflict, contrary to expectations, racial diversity is associated with less division among board members. 4. title: network embeddedness and public agency performance: the strength of strong ties in dutch higher education authors: jelmer schalk, ren� torenvlied, and jim allen abstract: current research in public management reports a positive effect of agency network activity in the interorganizational network on its performance (degree centrality hypothesis). this study presents a different hypothesis: the embeddedness of agency network relations in cohesive subgroups in the interorganizational network positively affects its performance ("cohesive subgroup" hypothesis). the dependent variable in the present study is organizational performance and measured in terms of individual client satisfaction. the hypotheses are tested using data on the interorganizational network of dutch colleges for the training of primary education teachers (n = 28). these data are combined with college-level performance and contextual data for 2002�2005 (n = 90), and with the evaluations of college graduates in a large sample of graduates for the same period (n = 7,119). multilevel logistic regression analyses show that colleges� cohesive subgroup membership rather than college degree centrality significantly contributes to a positive evaluation by graduates. these analyses control for various control variables at the college level and the graduate level. 5. title: informal norms as a bridge between formal rules and outcomes of government financial operations: evidence from state balanced budget requirements authors: yilin hou and daniel l. smith abstract: both formal rules and informal norms guide government operations; formal rules often function through informal norms. balanced budget requirements (bbrs) are formal rules, but they are implemented via the intermediary of informal norms�interpretation of bbrs by state officials. this article examines the fiscal implications of informal norms that govern budgetary balance. we propose that informal norms have substantive implications in policy making and implementation. to test the proposition, we obtain state self-reported, time-varying data on balanced budget provisions as observations of informal norms, compare them against formal, codified balanced budget requirements from recent research to identify gaps between rules and norms, and decompose the gaps using two categories�"interpretations" and "reverse interpretations" of formal balanced budget requirements. we then conduct probit estimation to obtain the effects of informal norms as well as the interpretations and reverse interpretations on two measures of budgetary balance. results show that informal norms do affect outcomes of government financial operations; the two-step decomposition of the gaps between formal rules and informal norms provides further information on the locus of these effects. the article identifies the interpretation of formal rules as a new research area, thus contributing to the budgetary institutions and policy implementation literatures. 6. title: does cross-sectoral partnership deliver? an empirical exploration of public service effectiveness, efficiency, and equity authors: rhys andrews and tom entwistle abstract: cross-sectoral partnerships are increasingly seen as a solution to the most pressing social problems facing contemporary societies. sectoral rationales for partnership suggest that public, private, and nonprofit organizations each possess distinctive advantages that can enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of public agencies� efforts to address social issues. we present an exploratory quantitative examination of this argument, using primary and secondary data from 46 uk local government service departments. the results indicate that public-public partnership is positively associated with effectiveness, efficiency, and equity, but that public-private partnership is negatively associated with effectiveness and equity. public-nonprofit partnership is unrelated to performance. our study therefore suggests that cross-sectoral partnership does deliver, but that the prospects of public service improvement may depend on the sectoral choice that organizations make. 7. title: stability and punctuations in public spending: a comparative study of budget functions authors: christian breunig, chris koski, and peter b. mortensen abstract: this article provides a comprehensive analysis of stability and punctuations in public spending within and across two different countries�denmark and the united states. the theoretical starting point is the classic model of budget incrementalism and jones and baumgartner's model of disproportionate information processing. first, despite the clear differences in institutional setup, we show that public spending spanning many decades in denmark and the united states are characterized by a similar distribution of small-, medium-, and large-scale spending changes. what is more intriguing is that we show how this aggregate result obscures (1) substantial variation between categories of public spending and (2) similar tendencies within similar spending categories across the two countries. these findings suggest that we need to unpack the overall budgets for detecting the particular sources of stability and change in government spending. hence, the article offers important comparative findings that not only challenge the empirical validity of classic budgetary incrementalism but also advocate an increased focus on more disaggregated spending dynamics than employed in previous studies of the model of disproportionate information processing. �n n/ffnċ 8. title: finding institutional purpose: enterprise, risk management, and learning authors: fred thompson abstract: this article reviews the book  louis d. brandeis and the making of regulated competit23:<degknpqrt]����  ��ȷȷȷ���{n`rb`7rb`hicy5�ojqj^jhvi�hu<�5�ojqj^jo(h1�he$$������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gd�"� h i � � � �   h i � � � �   > ?  � � �   @ a z { � � � � � � �   x y a b � � � � 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