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volume 53, issue 1, february 2024
1. title: community-based initiatives and public services delivery in a fragile context: the case of yemen
authors: moosa elayah, nesmah al-sameai, hiba khodr, samah gamar
abstract: the collapse of public services in yemen due to a protracted crisis raging since 2015 has compelled some local citizen-based coalitions to initiate community-based service delivery. this preliminary study identifies community-based initiatives (cbis) as non-state actors supplying basic services ordinarily provided by governmental institutions. it offers an overview of yemen�s humanitarian crisis while focusing on public services provision pre- and mid-conflict and highlights the role of cbis as a response to its breakdown within a severely fragile context. as this work considers cbi a societal constituent and not simply a temporary phenomenon, it discusses the general trends of civil society. this article fills the gap in the literature and compares the western perspective and application of cbis in yemen aiming at developing a more specific and contextual conception. the analysis lays the foundation for much needed future studies on the role of informal organizations in service provision in developing countries of the global south.
2. title: we usually give like this: social norms describe typical charitable causes supported by group members
authors: cassandra m. chapman, lucas dixon, ann wallin, tarli young, barbara m. masser, winnifred r. louis
abstract: millions of nonprofits compete for a share of the billions of dollars donated to charity each year. yet how donors select which charities to support remains relatively understudied. social norms influence whether people give to charity at all, but no research has yet considered whether norms also communicate information about which causes group members typically support. to address this important question, we surveyed 1,735 people from 117 countries to understand whether they identified normative causes typically supported by their social groups. we found different normative giving profiles for men, women, older people, younger people, conservatives, progressives, religious, and nonreligious people, with varying degrees of consensus within each social group. results demonstrate empirically�and for the first time�that social identities contain normative content about which charitable causes group members typically support. some causes were relatively universally approved of or avoided. results can inform nonprofit fundraising strategy around segmentation and targeting.
3. title: exploring collaborative governance processes involving nonprofits
authors: francesca cal�, simon teasdale, michael j. roy, enrico bellazzecca, micaela mazzei
abstract: nonprofits are increasingly involved in collaborative governance mechanisms, on the premise that their proximity to end users and better understanding of the local contexts can lead to better policy outcomes. although government�nonprofit relations have been theorized and explored by several studies, few studies have examined specifically collaborative governance, instead focusing on other phases of policy development or service delivery. in this article, we present a realist evaluation of data gathered from in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 41) and four focus groups with stakeholders involved in collaborative governance arrangements within �strategic public social partnerships� in scotland. our findings indicate that collaborative governance processes involving nonprofits can potentially lead to improved services through mechanisms such as the development of trust and the establishment of new learning dynamics, and when knowledgeable leadership and mutuality drive collaborations. however, this is only true if the long-term sustainability of these processes translates into the mainstreaming of both the resulting services and their underlying collaborative principles.
4. title: decomposing the impact of leadership diversity among nonprofit organizations
authors: ruth sessler bernstein, christopher fredette
abstract: our contribution lies in exploring loci and reach of leadership diversity�s influence on proximal and distal performance outcomes to understand how and where these can be mobilized. our moderated-mediation modeling decomposes the direct, indirect, and interaction effects of demographic diversity among three types of focal actors in governance�boards (gender-, age-, and ethno-racial variety), board chairs (gender and ethno-racial demography), chief executives (gender and ethno-racial demography)�on five factors reflecting functional and social dimensions of board performance and two dimensions of organizational performance. we demonstrate that the board composition affects proximal board performance outcomes, whereas ceo demography is more related to distal organizational performance outcomes. board chairs, a less-examined aspect of nonprofit governing, stand out as bridging both proximal and distal outcomes, both directly and through their interactions with board diversity and ceo demography.
5. title: rethinking the role of volunteering in the labor market inclusion of migrants
authors: ilona bontenbal, francesca calo, tom montgomery, simone baglioni
abstract: in this article, we critically investigate the role that volunteering can have in the labor market inclusion of migrants. we consider how volunteering can both enhance and hinder inclusion through a comparison of two different contexts: finland and the united kingdom, where both welfare state and migration regimes are differently shaped. we also question whether volunteering to gain work experience can be defined as �volunteering� or whether it corresponds more with a definition of unpaid labor. our research is based on 104 interviews with migrants (including refugees and asylum seekers) from various nationalities. we find that volunteering is used in both countries as a way to gain work experience, in the absence of opportunities to enter regular employment. however, volunteering rarely directly leads to employment even though it may facilitate it indirectly and, thus, risks trapping migrants in a vicious cycle that does not always lead to labor market inclusion.
6. title: consensus formation in nonprofit and philanthropic studies: networks, reputation, and gender
authors: ji ma, ren� bekkers
abstract: the research field of nonprofits and philanthropy has grown exponentially. to what extent do nonprofit scholars share a common language? answering this question is crucial to assessing the field�s intellectual cohesiveness. we studied how coauthor networks, scholarly reputation, and the prevalence of female authors influence consensus formation. we found that the degree of consensus for all major research topics in the field has increased over time�for every 10% growth in the volume of literature, shared language increased by 1.4%. a cohesive research community on nonprofits and philanthropy has been forming since the early 2000s. female scholars are fewer in number and less cited than males; their presence did not exceed 40% for most topics. the citation counts of scholars and small-world property of networks are positively associated with consensus, suggesting that star researchers and knowledge brokers bridging different intellectual communities are key to sharing research interests and language.
7. title: �we expected a revolution and got a slow burn�: microfoundations of institutional change in the community foundation field
authors: megan lepere-schloop, marlene walk, laurie e. paarlberg
abstract: demographic shifts, economic restructuring, online-giving platforms, and growing competition threaten traditional models of community philanthropy. responding to these pressures, philanthropy thought leaders have supported �a new way forward� for community foundations�community leadership. however, change is difficult, and little research examines organizational processes of moving toward community leadership. this study uses a simultaneous qualitative mixed methods design to describe organizational paths to community leadership while considering field-level aspiration toward such change. to confirm previous research, we examine community foundation mission descriptions from 2011 to 2016, finding limited evidence that the field is aspiring toward the community leadership model. using interviews with leaders of organizations that have begun to shift toward community leadership, we unpack how such transformation occurs. we find that change, even amid field-level pressures, unfolds through localized improvisation and bricolage as community foundations adapt their work to demands in their community.
8. title: contributions of the paycheck protection program to nonprofit short-term sustainability
authors: steven w. mumford, nicole s. hutton, stephanie m. riegel
abstract: this article draws on literature on nonprofit resilience to hazards to explore the impact of federal paycheck protection program (ppp) loans on nonprofits� staffing, services, and financial health during the covid-19 pandemic�s first year. through propensity score matching with survey data collected in spring 2020 and winter 2021 from the new orleans area, linked to publicly available ppp data, nonprofits that did and did not receive a ppp loan were matched on covariates representing critical resilience capacities pre-pandemic, allowing calculation of effect sizes for short-term outcomes. results suggest that ppp tentatively supported nonprofit liquidity in the form of reserves, but had at best mixed results in promoting service maintenance, and did not support hiring or staff retention in excess of the non-treatment group. despite the small sample size, these preliminary findings inform how ppp may have supported short-term sustainability and help guide future federal policy to support nonprofits during crises.
9. title: the nonprofit role in building community social capital: a moderated mediation model of organizational learning, innovation, and shared mission for social capital creation
authors: sungdae lim, byung hee min, david g. berlan
abstract: nonprofit activity produces social benefits, brings engaged actors in social networks, and promotes a sense of community and belonging by instilling shared values and norms, resulting in community trust and support back to the nonprofit. this reciprocal pattern of community building features the nonprofit role in building social capital. social capital develops in interaction with the entrepreneurship context. social entrepreneurial models of nonprofit learning and innovation demonstrate the potential of new entrepreneurial methods and market opportunities to help organizations achieve desired social impacts. this article adds a discussion on nonprofit missions as a vehicle driving nonprofit learning and innovation to be motivated to facilitate community building. by developing a moderated mediation model, we propose that value-instilled innovation from the interactive form of learning and shared mission enhances the nonprofit role in building social capital. the findings support the hypothesized relationships, producing implications for the community-building motivation of nonprofit organizations.
10. title: regulating political advocacy by charities liberally
authors: ian murray, lachlan umbers, murray wesson
abstract: in countries such as australia, canada, the united kingdom, and the united states, whether certain classes of civil society groups are eligible to receive state support (by way of tax and other concessions) is primarily based on the entity�s intended purpose. yet governments often view the advocacy, electioneering, or lobbying activities that are the means adopted by some civil society organizations to achieve their purposes, as unjustified attempts to intervene in the political process. attempts to restrict these activities are, thus, not uncommon but raise challenges to fundamental tenets of liberal democracies. this article uses recent australian experience as a case study to analyze such attempts through rule of law and freedom of expression lenses. it focuses on advocacy and electioneering via peaceful protest/civil disobedience activities and argues that charities have a valuable role to play as political actors and that any restrictions should meet the requirements of certainty and proportionality.
11. title: board gender diversity and nonprofit ceo compensation: implications for gender pay gap
authors: young-joo lee
abstract: this study examines how gender diversity on nonprofit boards relates to chief executive officer (ceo) compensation using data of 1,835 501(c)(3) organizations with the guidestar platinum seal of transparency. the analysis reveals a positive association between women�s representation on a governing board and female ceo compensation until women�s proportion reaches 82%. by contrast, there is a negative relationship between women�s representation on boards and male ceo compensation. overall, the findings suggest that board gender diversity has distinctive implications for ceo compensation depending on ceo gender and that having more women on governing boards contributes to closing the gender pay gap for nonprofit executives. these findings can be applied to other dimensions of diversity, including racial and ethnic diversity.
12. title: covid-19 pandemic, physical distancing policies, and the non-profit sector volunteer force
authors: michael lebenbaum, claire de oliveira, joanne mckiernan, france gagnon, audrey laporte
abstract: although covid-19-related physical distancing has had large economic consequences, the impact on volunteerism is unclear. using volunteer position postings data from canada�s largest volunteer center (volunteer toronto) from february 3, 2020, to january 4, 2021, we evaluated the impact of different levels of physical distancing on average views, total views, and total number of posts. there was about a 50% decrease in the total number of posts that was sustained throughout the pandemic. although a more restrictive physical distancing policy was generally associated with fewer views, there was an initial increase in views during the first lockdown where total views were elevated for the first 4 months of the pandemic. this was driven by interest in covid-19-related and remote work postings. this highlights the community of volunteers may be quite flexible in terms of adapting to new ways of volunteering, but substantial challenges remain for the continued operations of many non-profit organizations.
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13. title: doctoral student skills: using your comparative advantage to succeed in grad school and prepare for the job market, by pallas, c. l.
authors: susan appe
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