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���������������������8lf�gklzzzzz����j�j�j�j�j�j�j�l�uo:�j!�������j��zz4k����f�z�z�j���j���z���� ��
m��f��jk0gk��ozf�o���/�o��h0���������j�j�t���gk�������������������������������������������������������������������������o�����������: science and public policy
volume 38, issue 5, jun. 2011
1. title: high-tech hopes: policy objectives and business reality in the biopharmaceutical industry
authors: tuunainen, juha
abstract: this paper analyses finnish biotechnology policy and combines this with a look at the evolution of a university spin-off company's business models. it offers a rare grass-roots perspective on policy implementation and further develops the business model concept. business models should be understood as future-oriented 'where-to' artefacts that can be used to develop business activities to meet future economic demands. concerning policy implementation, this paper highlights the obstacles that small companies encounter when they operate as part of the global knowledge-based economy, as well as describing the solutions that may be developed to overcome such hurdles. the paper concludes that the business activities of high-tech companies might be supported by: first, strengthening the public support systems of young companies; second, developing the business models of those companies so as to gain income early; and finally, focusing national efforts on building new industries in areas where some industrial tradition already exists.
2. title: managing for success in international scientific collaborations: views from canadian government senior science managers
authors: isabelle, diane a.; heslop, louise a.
abstract: large-scale international scientific collaborations (iscs) are one of several mechanisms that allow governments and businesses to tap into the global knowledge base. participating in iscs to access scientific knowledge from around the world is vital for a relatively small country like canada to ensure success in building science and science-based capabilities and as a way to establish a respected reputation among nations. this paper explores the views of canadian senior scientists and science managers from government laboratories on collaborations in large-scale iscs with foreign countries and how canada and its scientists are perceived on the international scientific scene. this knowledge is important as perceptions of a country's science capabilities and performance can affect international positioning for economic and science strength, ability to attract business investment, and even international political power. the results of the interviews lead to the conclusion that iscs can be expected to deliver advantages, as reflected in the existing literature.
3. title: science-industry links in central and eastern europe and the commonwealth of independent states: conventional policy wisdom facing reality
authors: radosevic, slavo
abstract: this paper analyses the factors behind widespread policy failure to support science-industry linkages in central and eastern europe (cee) and commonwealth of independent states (cis) countries. we explain this failure as being due largely to uncritical application of conventional policy wisdoms in the context of 'catching up' and 'laggard' economies. our argument is based on evidence on knowledge-intensive enterprises in cee and cis countries and analysis of the innovation policies of these regions. our conclusion is that support for science-industry linkages in cee/cis should be balanced by efforts to strengthen the 'actors' involved (existing large and small firms, universities and public research organizations) and reinforce other linkages in the respective national innovation systems, and especially knowledge links between domestic and foreign firms.
4. title: user engagement in sustainability research
authors: talwar, sonia; wiek, arnim; robinson, john
abstract: user engagement, stakeholder involvement, and public consultation in sustainability research have received increased attention over the last decade. key driving factors behind this are that social outcomes, policy relevance, and user engagement have all become requirements for securing research funding. many articles have provided compelling arguments for the need to reconsider why, when and how users are engaged within the research process. we propose a typology of user engagement strategies in research, focusing on the actual research process and emphasizing types of engagement in research. we illustrate these types with a comparative analysis of empirical examples from three interactive sustainability research projects, based in canada and switzerland. the article discusses the challenges that require a reconfiguration of institutional and organizational structures to seize the full potential of interactive sustainability research.
5. title: participatory paternalism: citizens' conferences in austrian technology governance
authors: degelsegger, alexander; torgersen, helge
abstract: citizens' conferences as a form of participatory technology assessment (pta) are said to increase democratic legitimacy, take up lay knowledge and improve technological solutions. today it is part of science and technology policy rhetoric and, sometimes, practice. we confront some elements of the scholarly discussion on pta with policy-makers' understandings of the process in austria. here, participation is often framed as a form of public relations and a sensor for public sentiments rather than as a forum of multiple rationalities and co-development of policy projects. this understanding can be related to underlying conceptions of democracy and the public. we conclude that governance styles would have to change before pta could become more than a laboratory experiment.
6. title: fostering sustainable technologies: a framework for analysing the governance of innovation systems
authors: hillman, karl; nilsson, m�ns; rickne, annika; magnusson, thomas
abstract: the development and diffusion of technological innovations need governing in order to contribute to societal goals related to sustainability. yet, there are few systematic studies mapping out what types of governance are deployed and how they influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technological innovations. this paper develops a framework for analysing the role of governance in innovation systems aimed towards sustainability. the framework is based on the literatures on governance, technological innovation systems and socio-technical transitions. we foresee empirical studies based on the framework that may serve as a needed input into governance processes.
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7. title: sifting the wisdom of greybeards
authors: david bruggeman
abstract: the article reviews the book presidential science advisers: perspectives onscience, policy and politics edited by roger a pielke, jr and roberta a klein.
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