-z6尊龙app官方网站
��ࡱ�>�� ]_����\�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r�� bjbj!.!.22cd�gcd�g�
�������66������������84r�%n�fffff����m�m�m�m�m�m�m$p��rf�m�������m��ff4�mvvv���f�f�mv��mvvvf������n8?d�����@v�m�m0%nvspfsvv"0s�xj��v������m�m�����%n������������������������������������������������������������������������s���������6b�: strategic management journal
volume 45, issue 1, january 2024
1. title: technology adoption and innovation: the establishment of airmail and aviation innovation in the united states, 1918�1935
authors: eunhee sohn, robert seamans, daniel b. sands
abstract: this article explores how technology adoption can shape innovative activity. we study this issue within the historical context of the introduction and expansion of airmail across the united states between 1918 and 1935 using archival material and a novel dataset of early 20th century patents. a joint qualitative and quantitative investigation indicates that local individual and corporate actors applied diverse pools of knowledge and intensified their work with aviation innovations following airmail entry into their county. moreover, we find evidence that the co-location of aircraft manufacturing and airmail operations was associated with more corporate innovations that facilitated economies of scale and corresponded to increased technological diversification of firms' aviation patent portfolios. ultimately, this paper deepens our understanding of the antecedents, consequences, and organizational processes that underpin innovation.
2. title: rating systems and increased heterogeneity in firm performance: evidence from the new york city restaurant industry, 1994�2013
authors: jason greenberg, daniel b. sands, gino cattani, joseph porac
abstract: we investigate the extent to which the increasing availability of ratings information has affected heterogeneity in firm performance and, if so, what market segments are responsible for these changes. a unique dataset was constructed with restricted-access government data to examine these questions in the context of the new york city restaurant industry between 1994 and 2013. we find that firms serving tourist and expensive price point market segments experienced increasing sales discrepancies as a function of rating differentials when ratings information became more easily accessible with the advent of online rating platforms. these findings depict how the prevalence of online rating systems have shaped competition and value capture, thus providing insight into the determinants of firm performance heterogeneity.
3. title: the tangled webs we weave: examining the effects of ceo deception on analyst recommendations
authors: steven j. hyde, eric bachura, jonathan bundy, richard t. gretz, wm. gerard sanders
abstract: organizations are punished by analysts and investors when material deceit by their ceo is uncovered. however, few studies examine analysts' responses to deceptive ceos before their deceit is publicly known. we use machine learning (ml) models to operationalize the likelihood of ceo deception as well as analysts' suspicion of ceo deception on earnings calls. controlling for analysts' suspicion of deception, we show that analysts are prone to assigning superior recommendations to deceptive ceos, particularly those deemed as all-star analysts. we find that the benefits of ceo deception are lower for habitual deceivers, pointing to diminishing returns of deception. this study contributes to corporate governance research by enhancing our understanding of analysts' reactions to ceo deception prior to public exposure of any fraud or misconduct.
4. title: behavioral agency and the efficacy of analysts as external monitors: examining the moderating role of ceo personality
authors: alina g. andrei, mirko h. benischke, geoffrey p. martin
abstract: we integrate behavioral agency research and the five-factor model of personality to re-visit investment analysts' efficacy as a mechanism for reducing agency costs. we highlight the role of personality in shaping how ceos respond to analyst recommendations, leading to boundary conditions for the efficacy of analysts as external monitors. we theorize that the extent to which a ceo perceives a threat from more positive analyst recommendations is contingent upon their personality, which shapes their subjective interpretation of the recommendation and their use of income-increasing earnings management in response. our findings suggest that personality is critical to understanding how ceos respond to external monitors and the agency costs associated with the positive analyst recommendations.
5. title: performance metrics in strategy research: a new metric and method for assessing dynamic value
authors: david souder, j. myles shaver, jared d. harris, abdullatif alrashdan
abstract: we discuss two research design considerations that jointly influence the choice of financial performance metrics in strategy research: (a) expected temporal payoff of the strategic choice and (b) source of variation invoked in the research design (i.e., within-firm vs. between-firm comparisons). we map existing performance metrics commonly used in the research literature to these considerations, and highlight the lack of performance metrics well suited for the combination of strategies with not-well-defined temporal payoffs and within-firm research designs. to remedy this, we introduce a value partitioning methodology that provides a performance metric we call dynamic value. we apply this methodology and demonstrate how it generates additional insights about how cash holdings affect firm performance.
6. title: heterogeneous adaptability: learning, cash resources, and the fine-grained adjustment of misaligned governance
authors: xavier martin, ilya r. p. cuypers
abstract: when can a firm make fine-grained adjustments to misaligned subsidiary governance? we examine whether and under what conditions a firm will adapt the equity stake it owns in a subsidiary, enabling improved alignment of the stake with the uncertainty in the local environment. we predict that the rate of adaptation of misaligned equity stakes depends on the experiential and vicarious learning from which the firm can draw, and that these learning effects are contingent on possessing fungible slack resources, specifically cash. using a sample of 726 japanese-foreign subsidiaries established in 38 host countries over a 21-year period, we find support in line with our predictions. overall, this study explicates heterogeneous adaptability in subsidiary governance and similar strategic tasks.
$&./189=>?@aj���������ʸʦʸ���{nn`rre``:rhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h�
�h�
�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h
2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h1�h1�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�
�h�
�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h1�h1�5�cjojqj^jaj>?@����>
�
��/���h���:���������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4����� ? ?
??�������=
>
?
f
g
x
i
w
�
�
�
�
t�����ȼ�������և�yi���yyyyi�[nh�v�h�v�ojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h/h/5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h�ih�iojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(h�
�h�
�5�ojqj^jttt��������./078hvfx�����������������Ϳ��͜���͜������~qqqqqd�whs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jho~pho~pojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h/h/5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h�v�h�v�ojqj^j����ghipq������|||�������9:;bcq���ȸ�����ȸ㪝�����wi[w�m[[w�hvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(hzy!hzy!ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(hvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h/h/5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jqbs���������������789@apxbcklmr�����ÿ��������v��hvvz�������mh��h��ojqj^jhvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jhr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(hzy!hzy!ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h/h/5�ojqj^j�8c� � � � � � � � � � � � ��������������gd�gd)w�gdr7arrrr � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��������������������h�z$jh�z$uhj<hj<5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^j01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s����x2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@66666pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$؞���k=�w[sobi���bnf�h����c���ݓ�v�u�a
��6f�������͌�n�|q�sax\��
���>�8�����o����( �b\�'x�77?��ڐ!����@5?�2�xy}xf�kp���gh�%v�ވ��
�����b���������|���g_���9�ѣ`(�b-�)�(������b"�{g��|07`�]�p�eb�_�?����1�r��!��?s���`��m�-�ʥ�v�_�\ĵ��j�������ns.���j�4����cw��\ zxc��筲�����/-���x��kp�//����z�֯a)���������_�bj���p��5f�� cf����r�]]�*�q�
yv)c�e��c��p@�$�=9i��!�_�������vhb�%(fv��va
��ߒ���602�- "�o�9idͿ
z}r�����'�=y�����s�z�%�����{��w�<����wo�~����omͩv�{����_�8}���:�oq�3�]a���c�.�`���/&�
1%��@�) �-z� �ȁ�cۏ�9t����"� �x��;adw�uɲ^��ln���m��m�]��\�(���'pb�ke#���b�c�{l��cw���k�� 6����q��kzv6�b�$��l\!ޖov�{uf]�n�# ���]l-7�bc�"��.����$c�΄�m\kh�t�)�z,�kf��~���apܜaߥ��frif.�;�1�d�f��ą�84����(��t�w����k�����>�v�ϯ����qw���[�y�ۙ�!®r��#��nq�̎�8�r{c���c�ާu�x>�i���lcwb�fv������f�n�a�ll ���\ᙠ8b|��=����v������>�l��i���}:��^�� dvs��n��<�<���s<� �/,�ݔy�o��z��"����-�x��ets�bc���~h�0�pd�<����f��7���q��sg��qǭتut�ւ���fn~�i0> �l�d��cy,xw#��h���g�e��� �lܸd|0������d���uޑ��c�h�ϐpڑ�w�>��ufіe%��=qv���q�90`����ǚ��ȱ����r���@x pf�������]6h�:�eu��vv�d�^(g�pl%st���e�5�@��(ً�0��$�$��e�$}�ns��;{/,�,� ��p-�jyt�����k~�" �q0�t��pϣ���>#�̙v��=ˀ<������ݥ�v�h[$�t�ih��o��-x��j�<4.��<�=�
mr �q��.��5��������qͯ��!e�(��c82��q�#�w.dx�җ<}�/sy.d�0u�.:i5���ܣ$��j�yh�k��v\�����[����a��!�k3�ɗ�tz >�λz��`%���n88�zt��"h�r��8 ^so�
�
y�s�izv�wq:��ud�m;�y�s�.�}������j�d�{�j��s�n�u���ү{���q4�iu�5�u̲0ks��\�7x�\5���i�/��z77'd]����u��j�1��b�x�u͞�ڽc��3���iu�2s;緬g8���:?��g-,
gs���~un��f�c(m�r�t
jxi�d=�dec�n���pk!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m
�0���wooӻ�&݈э���5
6?$q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!�r���theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-!
ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]�
�$2���� �t�qr� �� �@� @���������h ��0�( �
����0�( �
��b
�s���� ?���nu~�m t q v x z �
�
~�[b�����������q { ���������$&./189=>>??@@j�������=>>g������. / / 8 � � ����g
h
h
q
�
�
����9::c������788abm������q04e���m:n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~��
{r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:avg���^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�`
rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a
6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[�
k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~�
��y��k�
?i��� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw"
���z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u
kkkkdw"
q�x�-h�
k^r�
�^�vxb�
�=#�/y�pur ����
��'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&����`
[� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"���[��h�2��d���t��w�8i� (f�tl(����}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4�";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d�
)r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v���/xcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#���<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7��
�e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwe�z ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�{l�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t
an�gap�y8��x���s��d���z��j�vzq��t\
~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�`
rq1��yn�pur �p}��� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� �i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#���2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f���)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�� {p���c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc���-x*�y���->o.-dt��t�.��z]�.�x��<}7/d|���y/ds}���/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2
�z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~�w�3ui�� �3dj�u�3��x@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l�5h 5�^b^�
-a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5
-a5�a
6�`d�#6ghch�81�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1���@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gr
f8c�]��jo8�~�8���8��b��l9n9?oi�q�9�a:�kx_�s�:kkkk�3�:�!�q�o";�4mjjo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�/
<[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�?
u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8���doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an���a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\���ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y���f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s
h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l��zwr�
{r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� �(u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=fzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��,!u�rdi�@gku�u0
g�u���uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v�j$w�w�w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y���x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv��q�yv^mc���y<z�&xfk{z�kd
�zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�`
[�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s���7y]�>aqs�]���c�]hv�i���]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_�kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,�� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t
a��&na[mk,�9a��q���a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^����c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee����l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u
�t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/v,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tkzl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l�^(m��k��.�mz*�ma�� �m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po�
���"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg���o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7�c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ���qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s
h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm-dt�y�)1:to
�v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�enx[�x,mnf�x&xn
�x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7���yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o���z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{
hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s�
u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\
~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i����x��m�j�����[w�3`2 r� �p
j^�z�n�_ati�wb/��/�.h j<sh�to>szy!�r#�l$�z$�}&�m'�m(�)%j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�6*8;i8cj8�9�<�e=k&>e!@jj@r7a�ec�nd�udvf0i4tj�kul%man�%s@ tmkxgy�py�sz�^ro_5a�7ahc
2e�lf�qf�)g�ijmi�ckalthllmnnm}ono~p[r�ps0@ui1vywm8xicy�x}�/�wt�mw��=��=�d��`�j�nj��9�l�.~��
�v�=h��j��~�du�� �=i�fj�to�4��m��2�)w���lz���c�7�u<�[��t��r����������^�v��\��*�a�vi�|w�r�����$?��
��!�s/����8�*��-��_�.�$-�r��f�><����r��c�7"����s�?5�����"�gl�bj�1�ed�h��-���
��"��v��[�w�p��n�2����y����e�`-� �|����@�x x x x �@@��unknown������������g��.�[x� �times new roman5��symbol3.��.�[x� �arial7.���[ @�verdana;���(�[sosimsun9,����|�8i{�~ light?�����|�8i{�~dengxiana����$b�cambria math 1��h;"�f�z���z��,��,-!),.:;?]}���� & 6"0000 00
00000��� ������=�@�\�]�^���([{� 0
000000��;�[����������r~~3�q��@p��?�����������������������"�2!xx��u����user
sppm-lib01��
�����oh�� '��0\������� ��
$
0<dlt�usernormal.dotmsppm-lib01217microsoft office word@\u�4@�y��\�@
�'?d�����
��՜.�� ,��0�
x`t|�������microsoft,~
���� !����#$%&'()* ,-./0123456789:;<=>?@abcdefghijk����mnopqrs����uvwxyz[��������^����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������root entry�������� �f��n8?d�`�data
������������1table����"sworddocument����22summaryinformation(������������ldocumentsummaryinformation8��������tcompobj������������n������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���� �fmicrosoft word 97-2003 �ĵ�
msworddocword.document.8�9�q