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��ࡱ�>�� u �r��bjbj�n�n2��a��au ��""��8��,��rl��q�q�q�q�q�q�q$t��vfrq��r��4dr��q��q��p�t17[��qzr0�r�w�xrw��1w.w$��n��rr��r��rw��"qs: governance volume 35, issue 2, april 2022 1. title: the polity of implementation: organizational and institutional arrangements in policy implementation authors: fritz sager, anat gofen abstract: policy implementation is a formative stage of the policy process. it determines policy's form and effect while also lying at the intersection of politics, policy, and the public. policy implementation takes place within a given institutional setting and requires specific structure and organization to conduct it both of which allocate decision power and mint specific roles in the implementation process. nevertheless, current implementation literature tends to overlook implementation arrangements as structures influencing, and influenced by, power. this special issue draws on various aspects of implementation arrangements to demonstrate the significant, yet underexplored, polity of implementation. to do so, this introduction begins by reviewing the conceptual frameworks available in the current implementation scholarship. this is followed by a discussion of the special issue's seven contributions. finally, the conclusion proposes recommendations for conducting future research on the polity of implementation. 2. title: delegating power? performance management from a process perspective authors: anat gofen, drorit gassner abstract: in contrast to the well-documented impacts of implementing performance management (pm) systems, the evolution of pm systems' design is understudied, despite the understanding that pm requires ongoing maintenance, continuing reconsideration, and constant adaption to local circumstances. this study employs a process perspective on pm by focusing on the four generations of the israeli police pm system implemented from 1999 to 2016. data are drawn from official documentation and interviews with various stakeholders who were involved in the system's re-designs. pm evolution emerged as a decentralization process, during which chiefs were gradually given more power, partially at the expense of top management power, through increased discretion, self-learning features, enhanced understanding and decoupling of measurement�incentives. shifting from �one size fits all� to a more �tailor-made� approach, and from top-down control to user management, pm decentralization exemplifies constructive efforts to bridge the well-known gap between policy aims and outcomes in performance-oriented reforms. 3. title: national policy piloting as steering at a distance: the perspective of local implementers authors: stefanie ettelt, lorraine williams, nicholas mays abstract: this article contributes to the literature on tools of governance by examining the role of national policy pilots from the perspective of local implementers, using interviews with directors of adult social services in elected local government in england. previous research in the same settings has shown that local actors often find the experience of participating in national policy pilots frustrating. this article attempts to explain why local authorities volunteer for such schemes. drawing on the literature on the varieties of experimentalism and anglo-governmentality, the article explores the ambiguous role of piloting in multilevel governance and reflects on its implications for policy implementation and local service development. findings suggest that participating in national pilots provides local authorities with access to ideas and resources, and with a mandate for change, which motivates them to voluntarily subjugate themselves to being �steered at a distance� as they align themselves with central government's policy goals. 4. title: interacting institutional logics in policy implementation authors: cynthia l. michel, oliver d. meza, guillermo m. cejudo abstract: when more actors�politicians, bureaucrats, or citizens�get involved in the process of policy implementation, they bring different understanding of their roles and objectives as participants in the policy. these understandings are the means�ends relationships shaping actors' behavior during the implementation process, analyzed in the literature as institutional logics. how do these institutional logics interact during the process of implementation? we argue that institutional logics do not only seamlessly coexist, but they interact in diverse ways: they may coincide, complement, clash or be unrelated. to make these interactions empirically observable, we put forward a working definition for each of them. using an in-depth case study of a participatory budget in cananea, a municipality in northern mexico, we show how the way these logics interact affects implementation: by performing their own role, actors advance their own purpose and contribute to the implementation process, even when they understand it differently. we find that the interaction among those logics do not impede effective implementation, as long as they do not clash. 5. title: retooling governance for improving public service delivery: case study of right to public services commission, khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan authors: sarfraz khawaja, saif ullah khalid abstract: this study analyzes the public service delivery system in the khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan following the 2014 enactment of the �right to services act.� it adopts a case study approach, primarily based on qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, to examine the lessons learned as part of this act's aim to improve governance. the study finds that accountability is key for measuring the public delivery of services and that the right to public services act and its corresponding commission take steps to ensure good governance and public service delivery in the province. although, this law is still in its embryonic stage, it has already significantly improved the delivery of the targeted services, and it has activated a system of checks and balances in public sector departments to enhance their performance and accountability. 6. title: the belgian mental health reform: when a combination of soft instruments hampers structural change authors: coralie darcis, fr�d�ric schoenaers, sophie thunus abstract: in europe, the mental health field is undergoing a paradigm shift from a hospital-centered, institutionalized and segmented model toward a community-based, patient-centered and more integrated model. from 2010 onwards, belgian policymakers availed themselves of new policy instruments to complete this shift, having been hampered by strong professional and cultural barriers over the four previous decades. however, the reform objectives have only partially been achieved. assuming that an instrument perspective on policy implementation would illustrate why the reform does not achieve its priority objectives, the article questions the relationship between the types of instruments used and the type of change induced. drawing on the analysis of three policy implementation processes, we argue that these �soft� instruments are by nature not suitable for initiating any type of change and may have limited effects when used in certain contexts and under certain conditions. the article ends with a discussion of the three limitations of these instruments. 7. title: does voluntary cooperation in member state implementation require top-down steering? the case of regional policy in switzerland authors: stefan wittwer, fritz sager, eveline huegli abstract: this article studies the institutional conditions that facilitate voluntary member state cooperation in the implementation of regional development policy in switzerland. cooperation is crucial for the implementation of regional development policies given that functional perimeters do generally not coincide with institutional borders. research on the governance of horizontal interorganizational cooperation often focuses on local entities and institutionalized networks, we examine the voluntary cooperation of higher-tier subnational entities. we apply the institutional collective action framework to the implementation of a regional policy in highly federalist switzerland where subnational entities have considerable discretionary power. the empirical analysis of comprehensive data on implemented development projects and a survey of all responsible subnational actors show that cooperation between higher-tier subnational entities faces strong institutional constraints. we conclude that more top-down guidance is necessary when horizontal cooperation is a condition for policy success. 8. title: private management of public networks? unpacking the relationship between network management strategies in infrastructure implementation authors: tim busscher, stefan verweij, margo van den brink abstract: with the aim to successfully implement infrastructure, implementation arrangements increasingly assign responsibilities for network management to private actors. in the literature, two types of network management strategies are distinguished: process design and institutional design. to date, research has focused on either of these strategies. moreover, while private actors aim to use the institutional capital built in the network before the private actor was introduced, the role of institutional capital in network management is often overlooked. taking these research gaps together, we aim to explore the relationship between the two network management strategies and the intermediating role of institutional capital. we compare three cases of infrastructure implementation from the netherlands. we find that institutional design strategies, through setting the network rules in the implementation arrangement, can ignite a virtuous or a vicious circle, respectively, hindering or enhancing opportunities for network management through process design. 9. title: information capacity and social order: the local politics of information integration in china authors: huirong chen, sheena chestnut greitens abstract: how do regimes employ information to govern society and maintain control? recent scholarship argues that legibility is a fundamental component of state capacity, but the politics of information collection and use remain incompletely understood. this article examines how the local state in china uses information to amplify legibility and bolster social control. extant literature focuses largely on information collection, but chinese officials have adopted high-tech information management platforms to solve a different issue: inadequate information integration across bureaucracies (�information islands�). information integration platforms strengthen the local state's ability to govern by enhancing intra-bureaucratic accountability and improving the local state's ability to demobilize contention. at the policy level, adoption of these platforms has implications for the chinese party-state's ambitions for social stability; their global spread could affect trends in governance worldwide. theoretically, our findings indicate that legibility depends not just on the state's ability to collect information, but to integrate it as well. 10. title: on democratic intelligence and failure: the vice and virtue of incrementalism under political fragmentation and policy accumulation authors: christian adam, steffen hurka, christoph knill, yves steinebach abstract: the vice and virtue of incrementalism have been the subject of a long-standing academic debate. this debate, however, lacks a dynamic perspective that analyzes how the transformation of politics�mainly in the form of increasing levels of political fragmentation within decision-making arenas and increasing complexity of policy-mixes�affects the role of incrementalism. we argue that both of these trends make the virtues of incrementalism politically even more valuable than they have always been. at the same time, this proliferation of incrementalism comes at the costs of overlooked second-order effects. since the empirical reality of incrementalism is primarily one that results in incremental policy accumulation, it continuously adds implementation burdens, enhances the demandingness of substantive policy debate, and makes effective science communication more difficult. thereby, accumulative incrementalism becomes one source of pressure on three cornerstones of legitimate governance: effective policy implementation, sophisticated policy debate, and evidence-based policymaking. 11. title: can campaign-style enforcement work: when and how? evidence from straw burning control in china authors: feng wang, min wang, haitao yin abstract: the use of campaign-style enforcement is often criticized for its lack of long-term impacts and lack of impacts beyond campaign-focused issues. using a mixed approach that combines regression analysis and in-depth interviews, we studied the campaigns against straw burning in several provinces of china, and found evidence to support the contrary. the campaigns did effectively reduce straw-burning activities, and more importantly, the impact appears to be long lasting and may spill over to other environmental issues. we further found that informal institutions, such as chinese face culture and the close ties between village cadres and farmers, play a very important role in determining the length and range of a campaign's impact. the values and limitations of campaign-style enforcement are discussed. 12. title: monopoly rents, institutions, and bribery authors: boliang zhu, qing deng abstract: why do some firms pay more bribes than others? we extend the literature by examining the role of one crucial, but overlooked industry characteristic�fixed-asset intensity�in shaping firms' bribe payments. high fixed-asset intensity creates natural entry barriers, thereby resulting in market concentration and opportunities for monopoly rent extraction. high rents, in turn, increase the value of government officials' �control rights� and thus their incentive to engage in predatory behavior. firms in fixed-asset intensive industries therefore have strong incentives to pay bribes in exchange for de facto property rights. we further posit that strong enforcement of the law weakens this quid pro quo by providing security for property rights and increasing the risk for government officials' behaving corruptly. we find empirical support for our arguments based on data from a large firm survey in china. our findings have important implications for governance and industrial regulations in developing countries. 13. title: information exchange in governance networks�who brokers across political divides? authors: mario angst, laurence brandenberger abstract: the exchange of information among organizations is the lifeblood of governance networks. it is a necessary condition for successful governance. political divides between organizations often impede information exchange. we ask which organizations are most likely to broker information across political divides. we consider survey (n = 312) evidence of technical information exchange in swiss water governance. bayesian exponential random graph modeling results show that scientific organizations play crucial roles for cross-divide brokerage. to a lesser extent, this also holds for higher-level governmental agencies. participation in policy forums is associated with a higher likelihood of brokering across political divides. there is however no clear benefit to participating in more than two or three forums. we conclude that an active role played by scientific organizations is the most promising avenue to increase information flow across political divides. beyond this, we suggest setting up carefully constructed exchange forums and selectively engaging moderate members of subgroups. 14. title: corruption perceptions: confidence in elections and evaluations of clientelism authors: emily beaulieu bacchus, carew boulding abstract: how does the fairness of the democratic process influence public perceptions of corruption? this article demonstrates the ways that elections can influence broader confidence in democracy. corruption is often described as one of the most serious problems facing democracy today, and citizen confidence in democracy has implications for system support and legitimacy. what constitutes corruption, however, is not always obvious. we focus on the importance of citizens' feelings about electoral integrity for shaping their attitudes about corruption more broadly. using survey data from latin america and an experimental survey in the united states, we show that when asked to evaluate political practices as corrupt or not, people who are more confident in the fairness of their electoral process are generally less concerned about corruption, compared with people who are less confident in elections. these effects hold across a range of practices, experiences, and electoral contexts. 15. title: institutional proximity and judicial corruption: a spatial approach authors: juan wang, sida liu abstract: this article develops a relational explanation for judicial corruption, namely, a spatial theory of institutional proximity, to complement existing behavioral and institutional approaches. institutional proximity refers to the spatial proximity between adjacent political or social institutions, including courts. this proximity can be a result of political or administrative regulations, workplace interactions, or the mobility of individual actors between them. linking ecologies and space travelers are two key spatial mechanisms through which institutional proximity enables judicial corruption. they pave the pathways of judicial corruption, that is, how corrupt transactions and related social interactions are facilitated by and communicated through institutions adjacent to the court. the theory is operationalized in the context of chinese courts and the various pathways of judicial corruption are exemplified through a number of publicly reported cases in china. 16. title: the evolving perceptions of corruption in czechoslovakia and the czech republic authors: michal pla ek, vladislav valentinov, frantiaek ochrana, gabriela vacekov�, ivan langr, milan po ek abstract: along with other postcommunist central and east european countries, the czech republic continues to exhibit alarming levels of corruption. the present article draws on unique stakeholder interviews and document analysis to explore the evolving perceptions of corruption by czech actors who had intimate knowledge of how this practice was occurring in the period between the last years of the communist regime until today. the key finding is that corruption in the czechoslovakia and the czech republic evolved from an individual coping strategy at the time of communism to a systemic phenomenon, which is widely institutionalized today, especially in the public procurement procedures. 17. title: what are policymakers waiting for? how trustworthy government can sooth tax instability and expenditure arrears authors: ricardo arroja, pedro j. cam�es abstract: tax policies and public spending reflect the taking and giving powers of the government. however, when thinking about these, the taking powers of government are perceived as the most prominent. why is the government's relationship with society seemingly asymmetric in that give and take? what leads to these perceptions? this article's starting point is instability in corporate income taxes and government expenditure arrears as two features of poor fiscal governance associated with lower corporate investment in the market economy. the article then focuses on the political and technical relationships comprising budgetary governance and proposes feasible policy options. these policy options aim toward a path of corporate income tax stability and timely government payments through better balancing the give and take involved in running the government. �nn/ffnċ� 18. title: the politics of order in informal markets: how the state shapes private governance. grossman, shelby, cambridge university press: cambridge, 2021, 200pp. $77 (cloth). authors: jack kalpakian, georgi asatryan abstract: the article reviews the book �the politics of order in informal markets: how the state shapes private governance� by shelby grossman. 19. title: environmental governance and greening fiscal policy: government accountability for environmental stewardship. petrie, murray palgrave macmillan: palgrave studies in green finance, 2021, 205 pp. us$69.99 (cloth) authors: richard allen abstract: the article reviews the book �environmental governance and greening fiscal policy: government accountability for environmental stewardship� by murray petrie. 20. title: viral sovereignty and the political economy of pandemics: what explains how countries deal with outbreaks? ear, sophal. routledge, new york, 2021. 238 pp. $160 (cloth) authors: amanda ottley, courtney stone abstract: the article reviews the book �viral sovereignty and the political economy of pandemics (europa international perspectives)� by sophal ear. 21. title: why noncompliance. the politics of law in the european union. b�rzel, tanja a. ithaca, new york: cornell university %(* ,.7��̻�̬̬��zrewi*_.`.a.��ŷ��vhzv�lzv�ŷ>��hih)w�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�)g5�ojqj^jh�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�[�h�[�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h�[�h�[�5�ojqj^jh|�h|�5�ojqj^jhvi�h|�5�ojqj^ja.b.d.j.k.�.�.�.�.�.//z3{3|3~3�3�3�3 4��ʼ�׼��ug\��na�h�_5�ojqj^jo(h�_h�_5�ojqj^jh)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�[�h�[�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hlz�5�ojqj^jh�[�h�[�5�ojqj^jhlz�5�ojqj^jo(hlz�hlz�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr5�ojqj^jo( 444s4t4]4^4�8�8�8�8�8�8�8 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abstract: the article reviews the book why noncompliance: the politics of law in the european union by tanja a. b�rzel. 22. title: american kompromat: how the kgb cultivated donald trump, and related tales of sex, greed, power, and treachery, unger, craig, dutton, new york, 2021. 352 pp. $13.99 (e-book) authors: clay wescott abstract: the article reviews the book american kompromat: how the kgb cultivated donald trump, and related tales of sex, greed, power, and treachery kindle edition by craig unger. r�v�z��"�$�\�`�z�b�d�z�|��ʼ�׼��ʁjsjls8'h 5b*ojqj^jajmh phsh h2vh2v-h2vh2vb*ojqj^jajmh phsh -h�#�hvfb*ojqj^jajmh phsh h�#�hvfojqj^jajh$?�h�e=5�ojqj^jh$?�h�e=5�ojqj^jo(h�r�h�e=5�ojqj^jh2vh2v5�ojqj^jh�e=5�ojqj^jo(h�z2h�e=5�ojqj^jh�"�h�e=5�ojqj^jh�5�ojqj^jo(|�~��h �jh �uhj<hj<5�ojqjo(h�e=5�ojqjo(h�r�h�e=ojqj^jo(��gd)w�gd�01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s��i��[�cs2�� 0@p`p��2(�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p�� 0@p`p��8x�v~�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 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