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volume 44, issue 11, november 2023
1. title: building a bridge to the future: prospective legitimation in nascent markets
authors: derek harmon, eunice rhee, yun ha cho
abstract: how do new things in nascent markets become legitimate? existing research points to a process where legitimacy is built by making associations with already legitimate ideas from other domains. in this study, however, we investigate the internet boom of the 1990s, a nascent setting where something new�engagement metrics used to evaluate firms�gained legitimacy amongst investors, but not by being associated with already legitimate metrics. using a question-driven mixed-methods approach, we reveal that these new metrics instead gained legitimacy through a novel process we term prospective legitimation, where a new basis of legitimacy was constructed by firms linking their otherwise unproven new metrics to future profitability. we discuss how these findings inform research on legitimacy, the development of nascent markets, and future-oriented communications.
2. title: board experiential diversity and corporate radical innovation
authors: aurora genin, wenting ma, vineet bhagwat, gennaro bernile
abstract: how does board experiential diversity affect corporate radical innovation? we find that the combined diversity of directors' educational, industrial, and organizational experiences spurs the quantity and quality of path-breaking patents developed at a firm. instrumental variable analysis leveraging exogenous variation in firm access to the nonlocal supply of directors with diverse experiences indicates causality, which is corroborated by difference-in-differences tests. firm heterogeneity suggests experientially diverse directors spur radical innovation by better serving the firm's advisory needs rather than via improved governance. our findings enrich theoretical insights into how corporate board leadership may affect innovation and long-term value creation at the firm.
3. title: bad medicine: litigation, competition, and the marketing of prescription opioids
authors: david tan, nicole v. west
abstract: how do competitors respond when a firm experiences an increased threat of penalties for questionable business activities? while conventional wisdom suggests that competitors will attempt to avoid similar activities, we draw attention to a countervailing incentive. if an increased threat of penalties induces one firm to reduce its engagement in an activity, competitors in an industry may see an opportunity to profit by increasing their engagement in the activity. we explain how this is theoretically possible even if competitors also experience an increased threat of penalties. as an empirical example, we show that following a lawsuit against purdue pharma, purdue significantly decreased its spending to promote oxycontin, but other prescription opioid firms significantly increased their spending to promote competing opioids to the same physicians.
4. title: light-touch integration: a study on cross-border acquisitions by emerging market multinationals
authors: lisa tang, minyuan zhao
abstract: emerging-market multinational enterprises (emnes) are known for their �light-touch� integration after cross-border acquisitions. that is, compared with their developed-country counterparts, emnes are more likely to retain the top management team (tmt) of the target firms. in this paper, we argue that this difference in retention rate can be explained by country, cohort, and firm effects. while the literature mostly associates emnes with where they are from (country effect), emnes are also new to cross-border acquisitions (firm effect) and among the first in their peers to venture abroad (cohort effect). analysis on a sample of 1862 absorption-type cross-border acquisitions supports our hypotheses that while the country effect persists, the difference in retention rate narrows significantly as emnes and their peers gain more relevant cross-border acquisition experience.
5. title: training with ai: evidence from chess computers
authors: fabian gaessler, henning piezunka
abstract: we suggest that ai can help decision-makers learn; specifically, that it can help them learn strategic interactions by serving as artificial training partners and thus help them to overcome a bottleneck of scarce human training partners. we present evidence from chess computers, the first widespread incarnation of ai. leveraging the staggered diffusion of chess computers, we find that they did indeed help chess players improve by serving as a substitute for scarce human training partners. we also illustrate that chess computers were not a perfect substitute, as players training with them were not exposed to and thus did not learn to exploit idiosyncratic (�human�) mistakes. we discuss implications for research on learning, on ai in management and strategy, and on competitive advantage.
6. title: information voids and cross-border bandwagons of foreign direct investment into an emerging economy
authors: jing yu yang, minyoung kim, jiatao li, jane wenzhen lu
abstract: this study examines cross-border bandwagons of foreign direct investment (fdi), a mass fdi entry process, into an emerging economy by following global investors from multiple home countries. complementing the frequency mechanism, we introduce a cohesion mechanism that can also drive cross-border bandwagons of fdi. drawing on the notion of information voids, we submit that the two mechanisms are based on different origins of information, and their relative effects vary depending on the extent of information voids in the host country. analyzing a firm-level data set of japanese firms� fdi entries into china between 1986 and 2000, we find a high level of information voids in the host country strengthens japanese firms� cohesion-based cross-border bandwagons of fdi, while suppressing their frequency-based cross-border bandwagons of fdi.
7. title: governing crowdsourcing for unconstrained innovation problems
authors: michael a. zaggl, arvind malhotra, oliver alexy, ann majchrzak
abstract: theories of crowdsourced search suggest that firms should limit the search space from which solutions to the problem may be drawn by constraining the problem definition. in turn, problems that are not or cannot be constrained should be tackled through other means of innovation. we propose that unconstrained problems can be crowdsourced, but firms need to govern the crowds differently. specifically, we hypothesize that firms should govern crowds for solving unconstrained problems by instructing them not just to solve the problem but also to help (re)define the problem by offering their problem frames and integrating others' frames. we find evidence for this interaction hypothesis in a field study of over a thousand participants in 20 different crowdsourcing events with interventions for the different governance approaches.
8. title: can powerful allies protect the ceo against performance declines? the role of the ceo's subgroup power in ceo dismissal
authors: jihae you, taekjin shin, yunhyung chung
abstract: drawing on research about power and faultlines, we identify the subgroup of directors in the board who share the same social identities with the ceo (i.e., ceo subgroup) and develop a concept of ceo subgroup power. we examine how ceo subgroup power affects the board's decision to dismiss the ceo, particularly when the firm experiences a performance decline. using data from s&p 500 boards from 1998 to 2018, we find that powerful ceo subgroups reduce the risk of ceo dismissal and that the negative effect of ceo subgroup power on ceo dismissal is magnified when the firm experiences a decline in performance.
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