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volume 37, issue 2, april 2024
1. title: issue segmentation by public agencies: assessing communication strategies of eu agencies related to covid-19
authors: moritz m�ller, bert fraussen
abstract: an agency's self-portrayal can help to protect its jurisdictional turf and strengthen its reputational uniqueness. while prior reputational studies have shown that agencies are attentive to the media and political principals, they have not assessed how inter-agency dynamics might shape their public outreach and message. this paper argues that if multiple public agencies are confronted with a shared salient issue, such as the covid-19 pandemic, they engage in �issue segmentation�: mindful of each other's distinct jurisdictional and reputational profiles, their communication centers around sub-issues that do not overlap with core missions of other agencies. we assess this expectation via a study of twitter communication of 38 european union agencies related to covid-19. using an automated thematic analysis of tweets, we show that agencies engage in issue segmentation and focus on unique sub-issues. the findings contribute to a better understanding of public outreach of agencies in times of crisis.
2. title: advocacy intelligence and competition: assessing lobbyists' sharing of tactical knowledge in focus group interviews
authors: wiebke marie junk, joost berkhout, michele crepaz, marcel hanegraaff
abstract: advocacy intelligence is a critical organizational resource fostering long-term survival and policy success. policy-active interest groups such as non-profits, business associations and labor unions, seek to maintain their competitive advantage among peers and therefore have incentives to remain secretive about the details of their lobbying strategies and membership mobilization. we empirically evaluate this argument based on knowledge sharing interactions in 12 focus group interviews with approximately 50 representatives of interest groups in the netherlands, ireland and denmark. our research design manipulates the composition of the focus groups to vary the level of competition for political influence and membership among the participants. strikingly, we find no evidence that either type of competition hampers knowledge sharing. instead, our novel data point to three fruitful alternative explanations: the importance of socialization, mentorship and personalities of interest group leaders.
3. title: the art of plucking the goose: chinese urban residents' tax consciousness
authors: changdong zhang, bruce dickson
abstract: public finance lies at the heart of politics. it shapes citizens' political attitudes and behaviors. while the expenditure side has been studied very extensively, the income side has been neglected, especially in authoritarian regimes. taking china as an ideal case, we use a nation-wide random sample of urban residents to study how citizens under strong authoritarian states perceive their tax burdens. we find that chinese citizens have low tax consciousness, defined as the perception of fairness both in comparison to people they know and to the amount of public goods they receive. citizens' income, the amount of public goods they receive, and media consumption have important effects on their tax perception. we argue that there are three mechanisms used by china's �half-tax state� to reduce their citizens' tax perception: (1) reduce the salience of people's tax burden, conditional on their income level, (2) generate fiscal illusion effects while providing public services in return for taxes paid, and (3) use propaganda to shape the ideology of tax compliance.
4. title: long-term policymaking and politicians' beliefs about voters: evidence from a 3-year panel study of politicians
authors: lior sheffer, peter john loewen, jack lucas
abstract: politicians are required to make policy decisions that involve short-term and long-term tradeoffs, and existing theory largely expects election-driven myopic thinking to dominate their reasoning when they do so. direct evidence on this is surprisingly absent, leaving open questions on whether and when politicians do support future-oriented policies, and what factors, beyond the shadow of elections, influence such choices. responding to this gap, we report results of a multi-year survey of more than 1500 elected politicians who faced an original decision task involving short-term and long-term solutions to a local policy problem. first, we show that politicians' theories of voting behavior�specifically, their beliefs about whether voters focus on the short or the long term�strongly predict their decisions when facing inter-temporal policy tradeoffs. second, we show that politicians are responsive to changes to short-run costs associated with long-term policy investments. finally, we leverage the panel design of our study and find�in contrast to prevalent assumptions�no evidence that politicians' policy choices are related to their proximity to the next election. in doing so, we expand and refine the theoretical framework on inter-temporal choice by policymakers, and outline a comparative research agenda for studying how politicians think about the future.
5. title: a shift in paradigm? collaborative public administration in the context of national digitalization strategies
authors: gerhard hammerschmid, enora palaric, maike rackwitz, kai wegrich
abstract: despite claims of a paradigmatic shift toward the increased role of networks and partnerships as a form of governance�driven and enabled by digital technologies�the relation of �networked governance� with the pre-existing paradigms of �traditional weberian public administration� and �new public management� remains relatively unexplored. this research aims at collecting systematic evidence on the dominant paradigms in digitalization reforms in europe by comparing the doctrines employed in the initial and most recent digitalization strategies across eight european countries: estonia, france, germany, italy, the netherlands, norway, spain, and the united kingdom. we challenge the claim that networked governance is emerging as the dominant paradigm in the context of the digitalization of the public sector. the findings confirm earlier studies indicating that information and communication technologies tend to reinforce some traditional features of administration and the recentralization of power. furthermore, we find evidence of the continued importance of key features of �new public management� in the digital era.
6. title: public sector workers' support for technocracy. comparative evidence from 25 european countries
authors: koen migchelbrink
abstract: are public sector workers more supportive of technocracy than people not employed in the public sector? public sector workers play an important role in the functioning and safeguarding of democracy. however, because of their training as neutral and competent policy workers and implementers, it is often claimed that they hold relatively strong technocratic attitudes. in this study, we compare the support for technocracy of 35,395 public sector and non-public sector workers across 25 european countries. the results show that on average, public sector workers are not more supportive of technocracy than non-public sector workers, and that the effect of public sector employment on support for technocracy differs across countries. furthermore, we find that trust in representative institutions and satisfaction with government can reduce support for technocracy.
7. title: the politics of police accountability: police expulsions in buenos aires, argentina
authors: hern�n flom
abstract: police accountability has long been deemed an essential component of democratizing reform. reformist administrations in latin america and other developing regions have consequently created oversight agencies to monitor police misconduct. however, the literature has not yet explored how these institutions operate and the politics that undergird them. this paper examines how police accountability institutions work in developing democracies. i focus on the police of the province of buenos aires, argentina, using an untapped database of more than 6400 expelled police officers. i find that the extent to which reformist ministers expel police officers and thus exercise greater control of the police peaks during their first year in office. contrarily, it is not bolstered by mid-term electoral victories or factors such as scandals or violent crimes. the paper extends our knowledge of the politics of police accountability in developing democracies, outlining the incentives and obstacles for politicians to control the police.
8. title: bureaucratic bias in integrated administrative systems: a large-scale study of government officials
authors: jarle trondal, gjermund haslerud
abstract: the study examines bureaucrats facing administrative architectures that are multiple, overlapping, ambiguous and sometimes incompatible. it makes two main contributions. firstly, by an organizational approach it derives fine-grained predictions on how bureaucrats maneuver when taking part in integrated multilevel administrative orders. secondly, benefitting from a large-n data-set (n = 4285) from 16 ministries and 47 government agencies in norway, the study demonstrates how organizational factors systematically �moderate� and bias behavioral perceptions among government officials. moreover, to probe the robustness of explanatory models, the study specifies patterns of moderation by outlining multiple interaction models as well as illustrating how interaction effects unfold. the study finds that few moderators make dramatic effects by profoundly weakening relationships. moderating variables either strengthen or attenuate already apparent effects, thus probing the empirical robustness of the models.
9. title: explaining transgender policy change: policy momentum in canada and australia
authors: nicole mcmahon
abstract: western democracies are experiencing a widespread shift towards greater recognition of transgender rights in public policy, yet the timing of change differs across states. to explain this variation, i present a novel theoretical framework called �policy momentum.� unlike existing work on policy diffusion, which typically emphasizes domestic or international processes, i theorize how the combined pressure from each level creates the conditions for policy change to occur. empirically, i contrast the creation of national human rights policies to protect transgender individuals in canada (2017) and australia (2013). using process-tracing and within-case analyses, and drawing on elite interviews, primary documents, and hansard records, i demonstrate the decisive interaction of subnational legislative changes with an emerging global norm to produce transgender policy change. this paper thus contributes to our understanding of lgbtq public policy while also providing a framework for explaining the conditions for cross-national policy change more broadly.
10. title: colleagues or adversaries: ministerial coordination across party lines
authors: k. jonathan kl�ser, david schmuck, ulrich sieberer
abstract: in multiparty governments, policymaking is a collaborative effort among the different incumbent parties. often hidden by public debates about broader government policy, the necessary coordination routinely happens at the ministerial level, where ministries of different parties jointly devise viable and equitable policy solutions. however, since coordination involves substantial transaction costs, governments must carefully gauge the potential benefits. we study the political rationales that motivate governments to make this investment. we argue that coordination during the process of ministerial policy design hinges on both a conducive ministerial structure and sufficient authority. once these conditions are met, cross-party coordination is more likely in policy areas where the implementation of government policy cannot be taken for granted. we investigate these claims, drawing on two new datasets. the first contains information about ministerial collaborations on all legislative projects sponsored by german governments, while the second maps the distribution of policy responsibilities among german ministries from 1976 until 2013, based on data about the policy briefs of all individual working units within the top-level federal executive. given that ministries imprint their own perspective on legislation, our results are beyond administrative pedantries, but have substantial implications for the type and content of policies coalition governments formulate.
11. title: rethinking public funding of parties and corruption: confronting theoretical complexity and challenging measurement
authors: sergiu lipcean, iain mcmenamin
abstract: does the provision of state subsidies to political parties reduce their involvement in corruption? existing research provides inconclusive evidence on this relationship, perhaps because cross-national studies on public funding and corruption are often limited by regulation-based indexes of political financing and by very general corruption measures. in this study, we use focused measures for both phenomena to investigate whether more generous public funding reduces party corruption. our independent variable reflects the actual cash amount of budgetary subventions provided to parties in twenty-seven post-communist countries. our dependent variable of party-centered corruption represents the share of firms considerably affected by the informal payments made by businesses to political parties and parliamentarians to influence their decisions. we find that a higher level of state subsidies is associated with a reduction in corruption; its effect diminishes as funding increases, and its impact on corruption is lagged. however, there is a wide interval of uncertainty around these results. in the context of the existing literature, our contribution reduces the estimate of the size of a public funding effect and increases the level of uncertainty.
12. title: disruptive technology and regulatory conundrums: the emerging governance of virtual currencies
authors: valentina amuso, ilan zvi baron
abstract: regulatory agencies care about their reputation, which helps sustain their authority. as innovation can introduce uncertainty in governance, delaying action or overlooking danger can negatively affect agencies' standing. aware of these reputation risks, agencies rely on a set of methods to govern the unknown. these methods, we argue, are: (1) categorization, if the innovation is considered identical to known regulatory categories; (2) analogy, if the innovation is considered similar to known categories, and; (3) new categorization, when new classifications are deemed necessary to address the innovation. each method shapes governance by triggering the application of existing regulations (categorization and analogy), calls for either technical and regulatory fixes (analogy), or calls for broader regulatory undertakings (new categorization). agencies' choice of methods, we argue, is shaped by concerns over performative reputation (i.e., showing the ability to fulfill core tasks), which in turn is affected by agencies' ability to demonstrate technical rigor (i.e., technical reputation).
13. title: nuancing the spheres of authority of chiefs: state perspectives on hybrid governance
authors: moa dahlberg, charlotta s�derberg
abstract: in this paper, we develop a framework for understanding the different spheres of authority of chiefs aiming to widen the perspectives on how government-chief interactions affect the governance process. the framework is applied in our analysis of interviews with government actors involved in area protection in the great limpopo transfrontier conservation area (gltfca). our results illustrate the variety of approaches and perceptions towards governance with chiefs that exist amongst government actors within the same governance system. although government actors perceive chiefs in the gltfca as a parallel system, chiefs can act as a rival, mediator, adviser, or partner to the government; thus, both enable or hamper government governance. the informal governance arrangements found in the data between government actors and chiefs moreover underscores the importance of qualitative case studies of hybrid governance systems.
14. title: non-majoritarian institutions, media coverage, and �reinforced accountability�
authors: christel koop, michele scotto di vettimo
abstract: as non-majoritarian institutions are deliberately insulated from electoral pressure and ministerial hierarchy, they face an accountability deficit. this deficit can be reduced by embedding the organizations in a wider accountability landscape with multiple forums. of particular relevance in this landscape are the news media, who may not only serve as account-holders, but can also reinforce other forms of accountability. yet, we know little about the conditions under which the media cover non-majoritarian governance, and the existence of �reinforced accountability�. focusing empirically on news articles about the bank of england (1997�2020), we trace coverage levels back to the announcement of key policy decisions and, to some extent, policy outcomes. we also find evidence of reinforced accountability, both in relation to parliamentary oversight and the bank's own, voluntary account-giving. these results provide reason for cautious optimism about non-majoritarian accountability, at least in the case of a salient organization.
15. title: political attacks and the undermining of the bureaucracy: the impact on civil servants' well-being
authors: gabriela lotta, gustavo m. tavares, joana story
abstract: countries are facing the deterioration of democratic institutions under a process named democratic backsliding. in this context, political attacks on public organizations become more frequent and intense. while previous studies have examined how civil servants counteract and resist political attacks, their ultimate impact on civil servants' well-being remains underexplored. to shed light on this phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory sequential mixed methods design with civil servants from brazil. the first phase of the study is qualitative and exploratory. the second is quantitative and we tested if perceived political attacks was associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, would lead to a greater incidence of physical health symptoms. both studies provide compelling evidence of the negative impact of political attacks on civil servants' emotional and physical health, which may have significant consequences for the performance of public organizations and the effective functioning of the democracy.
16. title: measuring accountability in interlocal agreements between indigenous and local governments
authors: zac spicer, tyler girard, jen nelles, christopher alcantara
abstract: interlocal agreements are becoming a popular policy tool for facilitating intergovernmental coordination and cooperation in canada and the united states. indigenous and local governments are also turning to these agreements despite long histories of colonialism, exploitation and dispossession by the settler state toward indigenous communities. to what extent do interlocal agreements between indigenous and municipal governments require stringent accountability measures to facilitate intergovernmental coordination? using a hierarchical bayesian item response theory model, we explore this question by analyzing 317 interlocal agreements between indigenous and municipal communities in canada. we find that accountability strength varies significantly across agreements, contrary to our expectation that accountability requirements would be strong across agreements due to the long history of colonialism. we also find that some of the variation may be a function of the policy area addressed by each agreement, although this finding is likely the result of measurement uncertainty in our estimates.
17. title: government transparency and corruption in a turbulent setting: the case of foreign aid to ukraine
authors: javier cifuentes-faura
abstract: this paper analyzes the role of accounting in disaster mitigation and the importance of transparency to avoid corruption. during the ukrainian war, accounting has allowed the redistribution of war material, the quantification of economic aid, or the efficient management of humanitarian aid. this paper aims to set a research agenda on transparency and corruption in foreign aid to a fragile and conflict-affected country. in order to analyze the situation of corruption in ukraine during the war, first a review of the latest corrupt events is carried out and its position in the corruption perception indicator is analyzed. subsequently, we analyze the aid that ukraine has received from other countries and institutions, and whether it is transparent. the possible dependence of the corruption perception indicator on the transparency index of each country in the management of aid to ukraine is studied. this article links corruption, transparency and accounting in the context of the ukrainian war, highlighting the important role of auditing and financial controls, and presents proposals for future research.
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18. title: the democracy amendments: constitutional reforms to save the united states. by john j. davenport, new york: anthem press. 2023. pp. 292. $110 (cloth)
authors: beau breslin
abstract: the article reviews the book the democracy amendments: constitutional reforms to save the united states� by john j. davenport.
19. title: the way the money goes: the fiscal constitution and public spending in the uk. by christopher hood, maia king, iain mclean, and barbara piotrowska, oxford university press. 2023. 289pp. us$115.00 (cloth)
authors: richard allen
abstract: the article reviews the book �the way the money goes: the fiscal constitution and public spending in the uk� by christopher hood and maia king.
20. title: financial crises, poverty and environmental sustainability: challenges in the context of the sdgs and covid-19 recovery. by andreas antoniades, alexander s. antonarakis, and isabell kempf (eds.), new york: springer nature. 2022. pp. 190. $179 (cloth)
authors: irwan, sumitro, masni, yusuf efendi
abstract: the article reviews the book �financial crises, poverty and environmental sustainability: challenges in the context of the sdgs and covid-19 recovery� by andreas antoniades and alexander s. antonarakis.
21. title: states, markets, and foreign aid. by simone dietrich, new york: cambridge university press. 2021. pp 259, $34.99 (paper)
authors: stephen c. nelson
abstract: the article reviews the book �states, markets, and foreign aid� by simone dietrich.
22. title: making international institutions work: the politics of performance. by ranjit lall, new york: cambridge university press. 2023. pp. 412. us $130.00. isbn: 9781009216289
authors: tatiana cruz, tana johnson
abstract: the article reviews the book �making international institutions work: the politics of performance� by ranjit lall.
23. title: the globalization myth: why regions matter. by shannon k. o�neil, new haven & london: yale university press. 2022. pp. 230. $30 (cloth)
authors: virak prum
abstract: the article reviews the book �the globalization myth: why regions matter� by shannon k o'neil.
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