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��ࡱ�>�� r��bjbjqq2�ee�g �� 4448l�ht4�rl��trvrvrvrvrvrvr$et�w:zr9 ��zr ��4�r��: � �tr��tr��p�*e��4**�@r�r0�r�awt^aw��/aw �op��zrzr�b��r��aw��: foreign affairs volume 91, issue 1, jan. /feb. 2012 1. title: balancing the east, upgrading the west: u.s. grand strategy in an age of upheaval authors: zbigniew brzezinski abstract: the us' central challenge over the next several decades is to revitalize itself, while promoting a larger west and buttressing a complex balance in the east that can accommodate china's rising global status. a successful us effort to enlarge the west, making it the world's most stable and democratic zone, would seek to combine power with principle. a cooperative larger west-extending from north america and europe through eurasia (by eventually embracing russia and turkey), all the way to japan and south korea-would enhance the appeal of the west's core principles for other cultures, thus encouraging the gradual emergence of a universal democratic political culture. at the same time, the us should continue to engage cooperatively in the economically dynamic but also potentially conflicted east. if the us and china can accommodate each other on a broad range of issues, the prospects for stability in asia will be greatly increased. 2. title: both sides of the coin: defining war after afghanistan authors: christopher sims, fernando luj�n, bing west abstract: in his analysis of the shortcomings of the us-led war in afghanistan, bing west offers a compelling assessment that, as he writes, "counterinsurgency as nation building became a sisyphean mission". for starters, west argues that western handouts have led to a culture of entitlement in afghanistan, which, in turn, has bred opportunism rather than patriotism or a desire for self-improvement. this is a real concern: in 2010, foreign aid was equivalent to approximately 90% of afghanistan' total gdp. to show the granular extent of such a culture of largess, west quotes a danish soldier in the movie armadillo encouraging his fellow soldiers to "give food to the children as a sign of goodwill." these handouts generate a sense of entitlement, and as west observes, the soldiers are soon "inundated with entreaties for money day after day." it is impossible to predict how the situation in afghanistan will unfold, given that the outcome depends on afghans. 3. title: can the center hold? understanding israel's pragmatic majority authors: yossi klein halevi abstract: a majority of israelis -- around 70%, according to a recent poll by the truman institute for the advancement of peace, in jerusalem -- support a two-state solution. centrist israelis endorse krebs' argument that the occupation is an existential threat to the jewish state. they understand that ending it would ease the demographic challenge to israel's jewish majority and allow israel to retain both its jewish and its democratic identities. a two-state solution would also deflate the growing international movement to delegitimize not only the occupation but also the existence of israel itself. centrist israelis see pa president mahmoud abbas as merely a tactical moderate who opposes terrorism only because it has harmed the palestinian cause. they base their suspicions on speeches such as his address to the un general assembly last september, when abbas condemned "63 years" of israeli occupation -- implicating the founding of israel in 1948, not just the occupation of gaza and the west bank, which began in 1967. 4. title: talking tough to pakistan: how to end islamabad's defiance authors: stephen d krasner abstract: on sep 22, 2011, admiral mike mullen, then chairman of the us joint chiefs of staff, made his last official appearance before the senate armed services committee. in his speech, he bluntly criticized pakistan, telling the committee that extremist organizations serving as proxies for the government of pakistan are attacking afghan troops and civilians as well as us soldiers. in 2011 alone, mullen continued, the network had been responsible for a june attack on the intercontinental hotel in kabul, a september truck-bomb attack in wardak province that wounded 77 us soldiers, and a september attack on the us embassy in kabul. these observations did not, however, lead mullen to the obvious conclusion that pakistan should be treated as a hostile power. mullen's testimony, for all the attention it received, did not signify a new us strategy toward pakistan. for decades, the us has sought to buy pakistani cooperation with aid: $20 billion worth since september 11 alone. 5. title: the democratic malaise: globalization and the threat to the west authors: charles a kupchan abstract: a crisis of governability has engulfed the world's most advanced democracies. it is no accident that the us, europe, and japan are simultaneously experiencing political breakdown; globalization is producing a widening gap between what electorates are asking of their governments and what those governments are able to deliver. the mismatch between the growing demand for good governance and its shrinking supply is one of the gravest challenges facing the western world today. voters in industrialized democracies are looking to their governments to respond to the decline in living standards and the growing inequality resulting from unprecedented global flows of goods, services, and capital. this crisis of governability within the western world comes at a particularly inopportune moment. globalization was supposed to have played to the advantage of liberal societies, which were presumably best suited to capitalize on the fast and fluid nature of the global marketplace. 6. title: the failure of the euro: the little currency that couldn't authors: martin feldstein abstract: the euro should now be recognized as an experiment that failed. this failure, which has come after just over a dozen years since the euro was introduced, in 1999, was not an accident or the result of bureaucratic mismanagement but rather the inevitable consequence of imposing a single currency on a very heterogeneous group of countries. the adverse economic consequences of the euro include the sovereign debt crises in several european countries, the fragile condition of major european banks, high levels of unemployment across the eurozone, and the large trade deficits that now plague most eurozone countries. the political goal of creating a harmonious europe has also failed. france and germany have dictated painful austerity measures in greece and italy as a condition of their financial help, and paris and berlin have clashed over the role of the european central bank and over how the burden of financial assistance will be shared. 7. title: the future of history: can liberal democracy survive the decline of the middle class? authors: francis fukuyama abstract: something strange is going on in the world today. the global financial crisis that began in 2008 and the ongoing crisis of the euro are both products of the model of lightly regulated financial capitalism that emerged over the past three decades. yet despite widespread anger at wall street bailouts, there has been no great upsurge of left-wing american populism in response. it is conceivable that the occupy wall street movement will gain traction, but the most dynamic recent populist movement to date has been the right- wing tea party, whose main target is the regulatory state that seeks to protect ordinary people from financial speculators. something similar is true in europe as well, where the left is anemic and right-wing populist parties are on the move is good for intellectual debate just as it is for economic activity. serious intellectual debate is urgently needed, since the current form of globalized capitalism is eroding the middle-class social base on which liberal democracy rests. 8. title: the future of the yuan: china's struggle to internationalize its currency authors: sebastian mallaby, olin wethington abstract: according to a growing chorus of pundits and economists, china -- already the world's most prolific exporter, largest sovereign creditor, and second-largest economy -- will someday soon provide the world's reserve currency. according to this view, just as the dollar dethroned the british pound in the interwar years, so the yuan will soon displace the dollar, striking a blow to us interests. as the economist arvind subramanian recently wrote, the yuan could become the premier reserve currency by the end of this decade, or early next decade. this view has gained traction as chinese leaders have launched a concerted effort to internationalize the yuan. during the g-20 summit in november 2008, at the height of the financial crisis, chinese president hu jintao called for "a new international financial order that is fair, just, inclusive, and orderly." beijing soon began to encourage the use of its currency in international trade, swap arrangements between central banks, and bank deposits and bond issuances in hong kong. 9. title: the great china debate: will beijing rule the world? authors: derek scissors, arvind subramanian. abstract: arvind subramanian claims that china will unquestionably replace the us as the dominant global power in the next two decades. he is right that if the us economy continues on its current trajectory, the us will not be able to maintain its position of global leadership. but he is far too bullish on china. subramanian overlooks chinese policies that will complicate the country's economic rise and ignores the possibility that chinese growth will simply stop. and he uses a definition of "dominance" that bears little resemblance to the us-style preeminence he sees china assuming. he cites the ability of beijing to convince african countries to recognize it instead of taipei, but outmuscling taiwan diplomatically is hardly a sign of global leadership. he sees the ease with which china undervalues the yuan by pegging it to the dollar as proof of the country's strength, but hiding behind a foreign currency is not a sign of economic might. 10. title: time to attack iran: why a strike is the least bad option authors: matthew kroenig abstract: in early october, us officials accused iranian operatives of planning to assassinate saudi arabia's ambassador to the us on american soil. iran denied the charges, but the episode has already managed to increase tensions between washington and tehran. although the obama administration has not publicly threatened to retaliate with military force, the allegations have underscored the real and growing risk that the two sides could go to war sometime soon -- particularly over iran's advancing nuclear program. for several years now, starting long before this episode, american pundits and policymakers have been debating whether the us should attack iran and attempt to eliminate its nuclear facilities. proponents of a strike have argued that the only thing worse than military action against iran would be an iran armed with nuclear weapons. critics, meanwhile, have warned that such a raid would likely fail and, even if it succeeded, would spark a full-pledged war and a global economic crisis. 11. title: when currencies collapse: will we replay the 193os or the 197os? authors: barry eichengreen abstract: the international monetary system rests on just two currencies: the dollar and the euro. together, they account for nearly 90% of the foreign exchange reserves held by central banks and governments. they make up nearly 80% of the value of special drawing rights, the reserve asset used in transactions between the international monetary fund and its members. of all debt securities denominated in a foreign currency, more than three-quarters are in dollars and euros. the two currencies together account for nearly two-thirds of all trading in foreign exchange markets worldwide. they are the essential lubricants of global trade and finance. were they not widely accepted, the global economy could not sustain current levels of international trade and investment. today, more than at any time in recent memory, analysts and investors are voicing doubts about the stability of the dollar and the euro and the international monetary system that depends on them. �nn/ffnċ� 12. title: ideas man: the legacy of george f. kennan authors: nicholas thompson abstract: george f. kennan: an american life, by john lewis gaddis, is reviewed. 13. title: poor choices: poverty from the ground level authors: timothy besley abstract: poor economics: a radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty, by abhijit v. banerjee and esther duflo, more than good intentions: how a new economics is helping to solve global povert, by dean karlan and jacob appel and portfolios of the poor: how the world's poor live on $2 a day, by daryl collins, jonathan morduch, stuart rutherford, and orlanda ruthven, are reviewed. 14. title: recent books on international relations: africa: consuming the congo: war and conflict minerals in the world's deadliest place/congo masquerade: the political culture of aid inefficiency and reform failure authors: nicolas van de walle abstract: consuming the congo: war and conflict minerals in the world's deadliest place, by peter eichstaedt, and congo masquerade: the political culture of aid inefficiency and reform failure, by theodore trefon, are reviewed. 15. title: recent books on international relations: africa: making war in c�te d'ivoire authors: nicolas van de walle abstract: making war in c�te d'ivoire, by mike mcgovern, is reviewed. 16. title: recent books on international relations: africa: south africa pushed to the limit: the political economy of change authors: nicolas van de walle abstract: south africa pushed to the limit: the political economy of change, by hein marais, is reviewed. 17. title: recent books on international relations: africa: southern africa: old treacheries and new deceits authors: nicolas van de walle abstract: southern africa: old treacheries and new deceits, by stephen chan, is reviewed. 18. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: america's challenge: engaging a rising china in the twenty-first century authors: andrew j nathan abstract: america's challenge: engaging a rising china in the twenty-first century, by michael d. swaine, is reviewed. 19. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: asia's space race: national motivations, regional rivalries, and international risks authors: andrew j nathan abstract: asia's space race: national motivations, regional rivalries, and international risks, by james clay moltz, is reviewed. 20. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: chinese religious life authors: andrew j nathan abstract: chinese religious life, edited by david a. palmer, glenn shive, and philip l. wicker, is reviewed. 21. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: deng xiaoping and the transformation of china authors: yanzhong huang abstract: deng xiaoping and the transformation of china, by ezra f. vogel, is reviewed. 22. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: from iron rice bowl to informalization: markets, workers, and the state in a changing china authors: andrew j nathan abstract: from iron rice bowl to informalization: markets, workers, and the state in a changing china, edited by sarosh kuruvilla, ching lwan lee, and mary e. gallagher, is reviewed. 23. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: human rights in asia authors: andrew j nathan abstract: human rights in asia, edited by thomas w. d. davis and brian galligan, is reviewed. 24. title: recent books on international relations: asia and pacific: no enemies, no hatred: selected essays and poems authors: jerome a cohen abstract: no enemies, no hatred: selected essays and poems, by liu xiaobo, is reviewed. 25. title: recent books on international relations: eastern europe and former soviet republics: afgantsy: the russians in afghanistan, 1979-89 authors: robert legvold abstract: afgantsy: the russians in afghanistan, 1979-89, by rodric braithwaite, is reviewed. 26. title: recent books on international relations: eastern europe and former soviet republics: inventing the enemy: denunciation and terror in stalin's russia authors: robert legvold abstract: inventing the enemy: denunciation and terror in stalin's russia, by wendy z. goldman, is reviewed. 27. title: recent books on international relations: eastern europe and former soviet republics: post-imperium: a eurasian story authors: robert legvold abstract: a eurasian story, by dmitri trenin, is reviewed. 28. title: recent books on international relations: eastern europe and former soviet republics: soviet baby boomers: an oral history of russia's cold war generation authors: robert legvold abstract: soviet baby boomers: an oral history of russia's cold war generation, by donald j. raleigh, is reviewed. 29. title: recent books on international relations: eastern europe and former soviet republics: the russian origins of the first world war authors: robert legvold abstract: the russian origins of the first world war, by sean mcmeekin, is reviewed. 30. title: recent books on international relations: economic, social, and environmental: climate change and global energy security: technology and policy options authors: richard n cooper abstract: climate change and global energy security: technology and policy options, by marilyn a. brown and benjamin k. sovacool, are reviewed. 31. title: recent books on international relations: economic, social, and environmental: foreign direct investment and development: launching a second generation of policy research authors: richard n cooper abstract: foreign direct investment and development: launching a second generation of policy research, by theodore h. moran, is reviewed. 32. title: recent books on international relations: economic, social, and environmental: juggernaut: how emerging markets are reshaping globalization authors: richard n cooper abstract: juggernaut: how emerging markets are reshaping globalization, by uri dadush and william shaw, is reviewed. 33. title: recent books on international relations: economic, social, and environmental: realeconomik: the hidden cause of the great recession (and how to avert the next one) authors: richard n cooper abstract: realeconomik: the hidden cause of the great recession (and how to avert the next one), by grigory yavlinsky, is reviewed. 34. title: recent books on international relations: economic, social, and environmental: the quest: energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world authors: richard n cooper abstract: the quest: energy, security, and the remaking of the modern world, by daniel yergin, is reviewed. 35. title: recent books on international relations: middle east: shattering empires: the clash and collapse of the ottoman and russian empires, 1908-1918 authors: l carl brown abstract: shattering empires: the clash and collapse of the ottoman and russian empires, 1908-1918, by michael a. reynolds, is reviewed. 36. title: recent books on international relations: middle east: the 9/11 wars authors: l carl brown abstract: the 9/11 wars, by jason burke, is reviewed. 37. title: recent books on international relations: middle east: the crimean war: a history authors: l carl brown abstract: the crimean war: a history, by orlando figes, is reviewed. 38. title: recent books on international relations: middle east: the struggle for egypt: from nasser to tahrir square authors: l carl brown abstract: the struggle for egypt: from nasser to tahrir square, by steven a. cook, is reviewed. 39. title: recent books on international relations: middle east: troubled triangle: the united states, turkey, and israel in the new middle east authors: l carl brown abstract: troubled triangle: the united states, turkey, and israel in the new middle east, edited by william b. quandt, is reviewed. 40. title: recent books on international relations: military, scientific, and technological: american force: dangers, delusions, and dilemmas in national security authors: lawrence d freedman abstract: american force: dangers, delusions, and dilemmas in national security, by richard k. betts, is reviewed. 41. title: recent books on international relations: military, scientific, and technological: can intervention work? authors: lawrence d freedman abstract: can intervention work? by rory stewart and gerald knaus, is reviewed. 42. title: recent books on international relations: military, scientific, and technological: intelligence and u.s. foreign policy: iraq, 9/11, and misguided reform/fixing the facts: national security and the politics of intelligence/germ gambits: the bioweapons dilemma, iraq and beyond authors: lawrence d freedman abstract: intelligence and u.s. foreign policy: iraq, 9/11, and misguided reform, by paul r. pillar. fixing the facts: national security and the politics of intelligence, by joshua rovner ad germ gambits: the bioweapons dilemma, iraq and beyond, by amy e. smithson, are reviewed. 43. title: recent books on international relations: political and legal: human rights activism and the end of the cold war authors: g john ikenberry abstract: human rights activism and the end of the cold war. by sarah b. snyder, is reviewed. 44. title: recent books on international relations: political and legal: negotiating with evil: when to talk to terrorists authors: g john ikenberry abstract: negotiating with evil: when to talk to terrorists, by mitchell b. reiss, is reviewed. 45. title: recent books on international relations: political and legal: the logic of positive engagement authors: g john ikenberry abstract: the logic of positive engagement, by miroslav nincic, is reviewed. 46. title: recent books on international relations: political and legal: the pseudo-democrat's dilemma: why election monitoring became an international norm authors: g john ikenberry abstract: the pseudo-democrat's dilemma: why election monitoring became an international norm, by susan d. hyde, is reviewed. 47. title: recent books on international relations: political and legal: what's left of the left: democrats and social democrats in challenging times authors: g john ikenberry abstract: what's left of the left: democrats and social democrats in challenging times, edited by james cronin, george ross, and james shoch, are reviewed. 48. title: recent books on international relations: the united states: hitler and america authors: walter russell mead abstract: hitler and america, by klaus p. fischer, is reviewed. 49. title: recent books on international relations: the united states: liberty's surest guardian: american nation-building from the founders to obama authors: walter russell mead abstract: the united states walter rus sell mead liberty's surest guardian: american nation- building from the founders to obama, by jeremi suri, is reviewed. 50. title: recent books on international relations: the united states: that used to be us: how america fell behind in the world it invented and how we can come back authors: walter russell mead abstract: that used to be us: how america fell behind in the world it invented and how we can come back, by thomas l. friedman and michael mandelbaum, is reviewed. 51. title: recent books on international relations: the united states: the concise princeton encyclopedia of american political history authors: walter russell mead abstract: five chiefs: a supreme court memoir, by john paul stevens, is reviewed. 52. title: recent books on international relations: the united states: the concise princeton encyclopedia of american political history authors: walter russell mead abstract: the concise princeton encyclopedia of american political history, edited by michael kazin, is reviewed. 53. title: recent books on international relations: western europe: an honourable englishman: the life of hugh trevor-roper authors: andrew moravcsik abstract: an honourable englishman: the life of hugh trevor-roper, by adam sisman, is reviewed. 54. title: recent books on international relations: western europe: immigrant nations authors: andrew moravcsik abstract: immigrant nations, by paul scheffer, is reviewed. 55. title: recent books on international relations: western europe: mamma mia! berlusconi's italy explained for posterity and friends abroad/the liberty of servants: berlusconi's italy authors: andrew moravcsik abstract: mamma mia! berlusconi's italy explained for posterity and friends abroad, by beppe severgnini, and the liberty of servants: berlusconi's italy, by maurizio viroli, are reviewed. 56. title: recent books on international relations: western europe: nationalism in europe and america: politics, cultures, and identities since 1775 authors: andrew moravcsik abstract: nationalism in europe and america: politics, cultures, and identities since 1775, by lloyd kramer, is reviewed. 57. title: recent books on international relations: western europe: turkey's european future: behind the scenes of america's influence on eu-turkey relations authors: andrew moravcsik abstract: turkey's european future: behind the scenes of america's influence on eu-turkey relations, by nathalie tocci, is reviewed. 58. title: recent books on international relations: western hemisphere: adi�s muchachos: a memoir of the sandinista revolution authors: richard feinberg abstract: adi�s muchachos: a memoir of the sandinista revolution, by sergio ram�rez, is reviewed. 59. title: recent books on international relations: western hemisphere: cuba since the revolution of 1959: a critical assessment authors: richard feinberg abstract: cuba since the revolution of 1959: a critical assessment, by samuel farber, is reviewed. 60. title: recent books on international relations: western hemisphere: fixing haiti: minustah and beyond authors: richard feinberg abstract: fixing haiti: minustah and beyond, edited by jorge heine and andrew s. thompson, is reviewed. 61. title: recent books on international relations: western hemisphere: notas sobre econom�a cubana authors: richard feinberg abstract: notas sobre econom�a cubana. by jos� luis rodr�guez garc�a, is reviewed. 62. title: !"$'*-.13457@��ŵţţ��ogzl>hoq�hoq�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj h5�cjojqj^jajo( h 2e5�cjojqj^jajo( hoq�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj'h�1�h�e�5�cjkhojqj^jaj'h�1�hoq�5�cjkhojqj^jaj456��hi��_zuv��gd�l�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdoq�gdu<�gd�"�$a$gd�"� $1$a$gdoq��hijlrs��𻫞��t�f�t�f�t��vhh�l�h�`�5�ojqj^jh�l�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h�l�hoq�5�ojqj^jh�l�h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�l�h%j,ojqjo(h�l�hoq�ojqj^jh�l�hu<�5�ojqj^jo(h�l�hu<�5�ojqj^jhoq�hoq�5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jhvi�hu<�5�ojqj^jo(�� 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