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��ࡱ�>�� r� |bjbj�v�v2~�<�<�n ��8jd�,%u4��&2�t�t�t�t�t�t�t$yv��x:�t9�:::�t��4�t��:��t�:�t��8��s1� ��lt�t0%u�5y�^5y��655y�r\::�:::::�t�tt�:::%u::::��5y:::::::::��: public administration review volume 71, issue 3, may/jun. 2011 1. title: the executive budget in the federal government: the first century and beyond. authors: meyers, roy t.; rubin, irene s. abstract: this article reviews the history of executive budgeting in the united states a century after president william howard taft's economy and efficiency commission proposed an executive budget. this history, the authors argue, does not suggest that giving more budget power to the president will improve budget outcomes. instead, what is needed is more cooperation between the branches of government and a better-educated public-goals that were shared by budget reformers when the taft report was published. 2. title: the (il)logics of federal budgeting, and why crisis must come. authors: andrews, matt. abstract: the u.s. federal budgeting system faces severe challenges in coming years. deficits are being recorded at levels and with regularity not seen in prior periods. this article suggests that such problems reflect the uncomfortable mix of logics informing budgetary and political institutions-that is, the rules of the game. logics make it appropriate to expect that government be limited in its tax demands but simultaneously responsive in providing expensive services necessary for the achievement of the american dream, for example. crisis is needed to allow the emergence of institutional forms that mediate between these conflicting logics. 3. title: the case for congressional budgeting. authors: wehner, joachim. abstract: william howard taft and frederick a. cleveland's vision of executive budgeting clashes with the unique status of the u.s. congress among the world's legislatures, and its proponents may exaggerate the potential for presidents to act as fiscal guardians. this article advocates more congressional budgeting by reinstituting effective fiscal rules and strengthening the role of the budget committees. these mechanisms would enhance fiscal discipline and aid consolidation. 4. title: introduction to the symposium: pbb-works like the bcs? authors: willoughby, katherine. abstract: the article examines performance-based budgeting (pbb), a method of developing and incorporating measurements of the performance of government operations, by comparing and contrasting it with the bowl championship series (bcs) in u.s. collegiate football. the author evaluates the ways that pbb has been implemented within the u.s., whether it is an effective method of serving governments, and whether the data generated by this method is useful to budgetary decision making in u.s. governments. it is concluded that both pbb and the bcs, while not perfect, are rational decision aids that can succeed in their defined purposes. 5. title: the obama administration and pbb: building on the legacy of federal performance-informed budgeting? authors: joyce, philip g. abstract: the administration of president barack obama, like those of his immediate predecessors, is focused on trying to improve the quality of, and use of, performance data. the federal government has been pursuing performance-informed budget reforms for more than 50 years. most recently, the bush administration reforms included the president's management agenda and the program assessment rating tool (part). the obama administration reforms include: measuring the effects of the american recovery and reinvestment act; reducing or eliminating poorly-performing programs; setting a limited number of short-term, high-priority performance goals; and funding detailed program evaluations. the administration is taking a more agency-driven approach than the bush administration, but continues to find it challenging to move beyond production of performance data to its use. there should be opportunities to show how performance information can be used for decision making, given the change in the political climate and the needs to reduce spending and the deficit. historically, there has been little appetite in the congress for evidence-based decision making. the administration, however, can continue to demonstrate how federal agencies can use performance information to more effectively manage programs. 6. title: commentary on 'the obama administration and pbb: building on the legacy of federal performance-informed budgeting?'. authors: mihm, j. christopher. abstract: this opinion piece focuses upon a paper written by professor of public administration philip g. joyce that evaluated the performance of the administration of u.s. president barack obama within the context of the federal government�s performance initiatives. elements examined by the author of this paper include the involvement of the u.s. congress in public administration, the incorporation of governmental transparency, and the promotion of civil engagement.. 7. title: commentary on 'state performance-based budgeting in boom and bust years: an analytical framework and survey of the states'. authors: pattison, scott. abstract: this opinion piece focuses upon a research paper that evaluated performance-based budgeting at the state government level in the u.s. during both boom and bust years by fashioning an analytical framework from a survey of the u.s. states. the author of this paper urges that governmental officials should develop a decision strategy to widen the range of information and data points used during the development of budgeting decisions.. 8. title: state performance-based budgeting in boom and bust years: an analytical framework and survey of the states. authors: hou, yilin; lunsford, robin s.; sides, katy c.; jones, kelsey a. abstract: the authors examine the track record of applying performance-based budgeting (pbb) across three time periods within a sample of u.s. state governments: (1) throughout the 1990s, (2) in the early 2000s, and (3) during the great recession. state-level pbb is analyzed according to four elements: (1) the development of performance measures, (2) its applicability to budgeting and management processes, (3) its utility across the business cycle, and (4) its usefulness for budget players. an analytical framework is devised that highlights the 'publicness' of american government, draws on the principal-agent model, and considers incentive mechanisms theory. findings confirm that a good performance measurement system takes time to develop and operate well and that pbb functions more effectively for executive management than legislative purposes. pbb is used more by the states during strong economic times as opposed to during economic downturns. more importantly, pbb is only selectively applied by legislators in most states, whereas top executive policy makers, middle managers, and staff embrace and utilize pbb systems more extensively. 9. title: pbb in american local governments: it's more than a management tool. authors: ho, alfred tat-kei. abstract: despite academic findings that performance information seldom is used in appropriations decisions, many professional organizations and governments continue to press for integrating performance information into local public management, planning, and budgeting processes. is it possible to reconcile such inconsistencies? looking beyond the executive-legislative relationship and departmental appropriations, the author examines the budget implications of applying performance information at the subdepartmental program level. case analysis of indianapolis's indystat initiative underscores that performance measurement application is positively related to intradepartmental program budget changes. hence, performance-based budgeting (pbb) can improve local budgeting despite severe political constraints. still, successful use of pbb requires strong executive leadership, and its effects remain less visible at the departmental level or within the wider political arena of legislative bargaining. the author concludes by recommending some rethinking of the current analytical focus of pbb both in future research as well as recommended practice. 10. title: commentary on 'pbb in american local governments: it's more than a management tool'. authors: gloo, donald. abstract: this opinion piece focuses upon an essay written by public administration professor alfred tat-kei ho concerning performance-based budgeting (pbb) within u.s. local governments. by examining the city of indianapolis, indiana, the author of this paper comments upon bureaucracy, community building, and municipal administration. it is attested that pbb will enable a local government to survive in the long run.. 11. title: assembling e-government research designs: a transdisciplinary view and interactive approach. authors: hardy, catherine a.; williams, susan p. abstract: there is a growing recognition in the field of e-government that improving the quality and impact of research requires taking into account their complex contexts and drawing on more interdisciplinary and collaborative research. limited attention so far has been directed toward the conduct of such research, particularly in contract-based research arrangements for developing e-government policy. a four-nation study of public e-procurement policy is used here to make transparent the process of designing and conducting transdisciplinary and interactive research. further sharing of research designs and accounts is needed to advance theory, policy, and practice, and to develop a history of ideas in the e-government research field. 12. title: politics of e-government: e-government and the political control of bureaucracy. authors: ahn, michael j.; bretschneider, stuart. abstract: this case study reports an innovative e-government experiment by a local government in seoul, south korea-gangnam-gu. a new local political leadership in gangnam made strategic use of e-government applications to exert greater political control over the local civil service bureaucracy. the authors find that e-government applications possess political properties that can be applied effectively by the political leadership as instruments to improve control over the government bureaucracy as well as to enhance essential government accountability and transparency. the political circumstances underlying e-government development as well as its impact on local government are reported, along with key variables associated with this innovation and directions for future research. 13. title: uses of public participation geographic information systems applications in e-government. authors: ganapati, sukumar. abstract: despite significant growth in public participation gis (ppgis) literature since the 1990s, little engagement by e-government scholars is evident in the extensive scholarly ppgis debates. to fill this void, recent trends in ppgis adoption by local governments are analyzed. three waves of gis are identified: desktop gis, web gis, and the geospatial web 2.0 platform. such technological advancements have progressively eased gis accessibility from expert users to ordinary citizens, accompanied by considerable growth in adopting ppgis for traffic and transit, volunteered geographic information, and customer relationship management. however, limited use of ppgis for higher levels of participation such as decision making is found. barriers to ppgis adoption for decision making seem less technological and more institutional. 14. title: information technology and organizational morphology: the case of the korean central government. authors: im, tobin. abstract: this study explores the effects of information technology (it) in terms of longitudinal changes in organizational structures at the central government level. interestingly, although it has increased the ratio of middle managers to subordinates, the number of middle managers has not changed radically and, in some cases, has steadily increased, while the proportion of lower-level employees has decreased. contrary to the belief in a pyramid structure, the actual form of an agency looks like a rocket. the analysis shows that it effects on the agency's morphology differ according to the core technology of the agency. however, these effects seem to be constrained by the rigidity of the korean government in terms of organizational management. this article proposes that agency autonomy in fitting the organizational structure to the real work situation is a necessary condition for seeing the full effects of e-government. 15. title: testing the development and diffusion of e-government and e-democracy: a global perspective. authors: lee, chung-pin; chang, kaiju; berry, frances stokes. abstract: e-government uses information and communication technology to provide citizens with information about public services. less pervasive, e-democracy offers greater electronic community access to political processes and policy choices. few studies have examined these twin applications separately, although they are widely discussed in the literature as distinct. the authors, chung-pin lee of tamkang university and kaiju chang and frances stokes berry of florida state university, empirically analyze factors associated with the relative level of development of e-government and e-democracy across 131 countries. their hypotheses draw on four explanations of policy change-learning, political norms, competition, and citizen pressures. all four explanations are strongly linked to nations where e-government policy is highly advanced, whereas a country's e-democracy development is connected to complex internal factors, such as political norms and citizen pressures. 16. title: the new policy world of cybersecurity. authors: harknett, richard j.; stever, james a. abstract: as government agencies, private sector corporations, the military, and even retail shoppers shift their activities to the internet, cybersecurity becomes increasingly important. past presidential administrations recognized that cybersecurity necessitates a comprehensive national policy to protect electronically transmitted and stored information from intrusion. but so far, development of a coherent cybersecurity policy has proven to be a daunting task. a feasible policy framework that systematically arrays the issues and specifies parameters of constraints is lacking, and articulated policies and strategies are narrowly focused and implemented incrementally. the authors argue that recent government documents related to cyberspace form a positive foundation on which to build a comprehensive policy. despite the incremental nature of cybersecurity progress, these key documents represent a cumulative process on which to build future policy. 17. title: left high and dry? climate change, common-pool resource theory, and the adaptability of western water compacts. authors: schlager, edella; heikkila, tanya. abstract: efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are falling far short of what a consensus of scientists argues is necessary to avoid potentially catastrophic increases in the mean global temperature. increasingly, attention is devoted to understanding the vulnerability and adaptability of social and ecological systems to climate change in particular areas of the world. in the western united states and other semi-arid regions of the world, possibly the most immediate, direct impacts of climate change involve the availability of water resources. scientific evidence suggests that the west is likely to become hotter and drier and will experience greater variability in precipitation. these changes will affect tens of millions of residents in western states, and nearly every sector of the economy, especially agriculture. the logic of common-pool resource theory is applied in this theory to practice essay to assess the vulnerability and adaptability to climate change of interstate river compacts and to offer recommendations for coping with climate change. future areas of research on this critical topic are also outlined. expert e-commentaries by richard kashmanian and roger gorke of the u.s. environmental protection agency, and by elisabeth graffy of the u.s. geological survey, can be found on the par website (go to , click on the link to par, and then on the theory to practice link). 18. title: carl j. friedrich on responsibility and authority. authors: plant, jeremy f. abstract: carl j. friedrich's concept of administrative responsibility is examined in his published works from 1935 to 1960. friedrich's idea of responsibility encompassed not only political and personal responsibility within the hierarchy of bureaucratic organizations, but also functional responsibility based on scientific knowledge and professional standards required by the reality of administrative discretion. friedrich's notion of responsibility is contrasted with that of herman finer, who espoused strict obedience to political and administrative superiors. an examination of the nomos series of edited volumes from the later stage of friedrich's career reflects the consistency of his views on responsibility and on the relationship of responsibility to authority based on reasoned communication. friedrich's optimism regarding such authority contrasts with hannah arendt's view that authority is no longer an operative concept in modern society. friedrich lays an important foundation for continued interest among public administrative scholars in the concept of administrative responsibility. �nn/ffnċ� 19. title: reform, but to whose good? authors: argyriades, demetrios. abstract: the article reviews the book from economic crisis to reform: imf programs in latin america and eastern europe, by grigore pop-eleches. 20. title: effective leadership in times of public health crises. authors: french, p. edward. abstract: the article reviews the book �who�s in charge? leadership during epidemics, bioterror attacks, and other public health crises,� by laura h. kahn. 21. title: cost-benefit analysis approach to measuring performance. authors: fudge, marc. abstract: the article reviews the book �investing in the disadvantaged: assessing the benefits and costs of social policies� edited by david l. weimer and aidan r. vining. 22. title: case research for academic contributions. authors: king, gundar j. abstract: the article reviews the book �case research in public management� by david e. mcnabb. 23. title: public service motivation: what we know and what we need to learn. authors: naff, katherine c. abstract: the article reviews the book �motivation in public management: the call of public service� edited by james l. perry and annie hondeghem. 24. title: remembering the regulators themselves: melding administrative procedures and regulatory theory. authors: pautz, michelle c. abstract: the article reviews the book �regulation and public interests: the possibility of good regulatory government� by steven p. croley. 25. title: mapping p.a.: can public administration exist without surprises? authors: schachter, hindy lauer. abstract: the article reviews the book �the public administration (p.a.) genome project: capturing, mapping, and deploying the �genes� of p.a.� by john w. dickey. 26. title: empathy, ethics, emotional labor, and the ethos of democracy. authors: zimmermann, ulf. abstract: the article reviews the books �the age of empathy: nature�s lessons for a kinder society� by frans de waal, �the empathic civilization: the race to global consciousness in a world in crisis� by jeremy rifkin, and �the empathy gap: building bridges to the good life and the good society� by j. d. trout. 27. title: employer practices, labor policy, and 'tough times for the american worker'. authors: schmidle, timothy p. abstract: the article reviews the books �the big squeeze: tough times for the american worker� by steven greenhouse and �the state of working america, 2008�2009� by lawrence mishel, jared bernstein, and heidi shierholz. 28. title: public sector reform in comparative perspective? the italian case and some afterthoughts. authors: raadschelders, jos c. n. abstract: the article reviews the book �public management reform and modernization: trajectories of administrative change in italy, france, greece, portugal and spain� by edoardo ongaro. $&./189<>?@abk��̻̻̻��rbr=r(h�s{h765�b*ojqj^jajph333h�s{hu<�5�ojqj^jajh�s{h�ud5�ojqj^jajh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj h5�cjojqj^jajo( h765�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h�e�5�cjojqj^jajo( h765�cjojqj^jajo(?@a�� %� � � � ��>��-gfg��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gd�"�� $/� � � � � � � � � 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