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��ࡱ�>�� y[����x��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r��bjbj�n�n2,��a��a� �������""������������8�4-��llaaaaauuuklmlmlmlmlmlml$xn�qf�l�uuuuu�l��aa4�l���u��a�akl�ukl���a������ �����k�wl�l0�l�tq[rtq���/tq��i�uu�uuuuu�l�l�$uuu�luuuu��������������������������������������������������������������������tquuuuuuuuu"q s: journal of political economy volume 130, issue 1, january 2022 1. title: management and shocks to worker productivity authors: adhvaryu, achyuta; kala, namrata; nyshadham, anant. abstract: we study how managers mitigate the negative impacts of environmental shocks. pairing productivity data from a garment firm with granular measures of air pollution, we show that productivity suffers as a result of pollution shocks but that managers respond by reallocating particularly sensitive workers to improve worker-to-task matches, thus mitigating team productivity losses. responses are smaller for more inattentive managers; these same managers are also least able to mitigate productivity declines. these patterns are confirmed by leveraging variation in opportunities for reallocation and comparing how close managers of differing attentiveness can get to the simulated production frontier by reallocating workers. 2. title: cooperative property rights and development: evidence from land reform in el salvador authors: montero, eduardo. abstract: in cooperative property rights systems, workers jointly own and manage production, whereas in outside-ownership systems, an owner contracts workers. despite a rich literature on how the allocation of property rights matters for specialization, efficiency, and equity, little causal evidence exists. during a land reform in el salvador in 1980, the military government reorganized properties owned by individuals with cumulative landholdings over 500 hectares into cooperatives; properties below this threshold remained as outside-owned properties. using the discontinuous probability of cooperative formation, i provide evidence on the effects of cooperative property rights relative to outside ownership on specialization, productivity, and worker equity. 3. title: tolerance and compromise in social networks authors: genicot, garance. abstract: individuals typically differ in their identities�the behaviors they deem ideal for themselves and for the members of their network�and in their tolerance for behaviors that deviate from their ideals. this paper studies compromise�that is, departures from one's ideal point, to be accepted by others. i show that an individual's compromise in equilibrium is bounded by the difference between her tolerance level and the lowest tolerance level in society. relatively intolerant individuals, who serve as "bridges," are critical for reciprocated compromise. when individuals with extreme identities are systematically less tolerant, societies polarize. in contrast, intolerance among moderates encourages cohesion. 4. title: the mortgage rate conundrum authors: justiniano, alejandro; primiceri, giorgio e.; tambalotti, andrea. abstract: we study the interest rates of privately securitized residential mortgages during the credit boom of the early 2000s. they reveal a sharp and persistent drop in the spread between mortgage and treasury rates starting in the summer of 2003. the emergence of this mortgage rate conundrum immediately followed the collapse of an unprecedented refinancing wave, and it was more pronounced in the regions where that wave had grown faster. these same areas also experienced more originations of the nonconforming mortgages that boosted private label securitization after 2003. mortgages originated after this shift are the first to show signs of deteriorating quality. 5. title: improving business practices and the boundary of the entrepreneur: a randomized experiment comparing training, consulting, insourcing, and outsourcing authors: anderson, stephen j.; mckenzie, david. abstract: many small firms lack the finance and marketing skills needed for growth. a standard approach is to train the entrepreneur in these skills. however, rather than requiring entrepreneurs to learn everything, an alternative is to move beyond the boundary of the entrepreneur and link firms to these skills in a marketplace through insourcing workers or outsourcing tasks to professionals. we conducted a randomized experiment in nigeria to test the relative effectiveness of these different approaches in improving business practices. insourcing and outsourcing both dominate business training and do at least as well as business consulting at half the cost. 6. title: rationing the commons authors: ryan, nicholas; sudarshan, anant. abstract: common resources may be managed with inefficient policies for the sake of equity. we study how rationing the commons shapes the efficiency and equity of resource use in the context of agricultural groundwater use in rajasthan, india. we find that rationing binds on input use, such that farmers, despite trivial prices for water extraction, use roughly the socially optimal amount of water on average. the rationing regime is still grossly inefficient, because it misallocates water across farmers, lowering productivity. pigouvian reform would increase agricultural surplus by 12% of household income yet fall well short of a pareto improvement over rationing.     $'/02>?@bkwx������ʻʪʻ���sexsme=h&/�ht45�ojqj^jo(hicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h&/�h&/�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo( h��5�cjojqj^jajo(h&/�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj 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