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volume 82, issue 1, january/february 2022
1. title: toward a public administration theory of felt accountability
authors: sjors overman, thomas schillemans
abstract: the literature on public accountability is extensive but overwhelmingly focuses on accountability of organizations. yet, accountability mechanisms can function properly only when individuals believe that they will be held accountable in the future. this article bridges that gap by translating and extending the psychological concept of �felt accountability� to the public administration scholarship. the particular context of accountability in public organizations requires us to integrate knowledge about (1) the diverse professional roles of public sector employees, (2) the saliency and authority of various and multiple account holders, and (3) the substance of the accountability demands. the current article integrates this contextual knowledge with an individual perspective on accountability. this effort represents an important contribution to public accountability literature, as it allows scholars to properly understand the consequences of psychological insights about accountability for the public sector, and to adequately translate psychological insights and recommendations to a public accountability context.
2. title: a systematic literature review of empirical research on the impacts of e-government: a public value perspective
authors: don maclean, ryad titah
abstract: while government organizations continue to invest in e-government systems, there is still uncertainty as to the benefits that can be generated. without clear expectations, it will be impossible for managers to measure and evaluate outcomes. this systematic literature review examines 60 empirical studies on the impacts of e-government published in the leading public administration and information systems journals. the impacts are classified using public value theory, first, by the role for whom value is generated and, second, by the nature of the impact. the results show that the most commonly studied impacts are productivity for the taxpayers and clients, client satisfaction and service quality for clients, and improved trust and communications for citizens. there are many areas where limited research has been conducted. we maintain that there is a complex network of immediate and indirect impacts that must be considered by public managers in their analysis of potential investments.
3. title: a meta-analysis of the government performance�trust link: taking cultural and methodological factors into account
authors: jiasheng zhang, hui li, kaifeng yang
abstract: the performance-trust link constitutes an important issue, but the public administration and political science literature has been equivocal regarding how it is influenced by cultural and methodological factors. meta-analyzing 72 empirical studies, this article finds that the link is stronger in low power distance countries, when outputs are used to measure government performance, or when the focus is on local government. in addition, the performance-trust link holds true regardless of whether performance data are subjective or objective, or whether the studies focus on performance of government as a whole or specific agencies. the results imply that in order to nurture and sustain trust in government, we should pay more attention to societal cultures and the way government performance information is provided. trust in government studies should become both more scientific and more culturally sensitive.
4. title: your money, your life, or your freedom? a discrete-choice experiment on trade-offs during a public health crisis
authors: nicola belle, paola cantarelli
abstract: we conducted a discrete-choice conjoint analysis on a sample of residents in italy to explore trade-offs between human lives, individual freedoms, and the economy that governments and their citizens face while coping with a public health crisis. our results indicate that people prefer to avoid income losses over reduction in the number of victims by the same percentage. the relative preference for saving income over saving lives widens as the size of losses at stake increases. the duration of restrictions to individual freedoms per se does not appear to have a sizable impact on people's preferences once income and human losses are accounted for. our study contributes to scholarship on the value of a statistical life and sheds light on morally problematic trade-offs. further, we illustrate how conjoint analysis through discrete choice modeling can address public administration and policy issues that are inherently multidimensional.
5. title: sector bias and the credibility of performance information: an experimental study of elder care provision
authors: kenneth j. meier, miyeon song, jourdan a. davis, anna a. amirkhanyan
abstract: reporting government performance to the public is key tool in improving accountability. some evidence, however, has shown that individuals� anti-public sector biases may distort performance information about public organizations. using an experimental vignette on u.s. nursing homes, this study fills four gaps in the literature: (1) the need to include nonprofit organizations rather than just public and for-profit, (2) consideration of the credibility of the source of performance information, (3) the use of simple commonly used performance metrics, and (4) the willingness to use services as a performance dimension. we find the public has a general but modest anti-for-profit sector bias in nursing home care with nonprofits perceived the most positively. sector biases generally disappear when clear performance data are presented. the credibility of the source matters, and respondents' willingness to use organizational services is more sensitive to both sector bias and performance ratings than are performance measures.
6. title: your competitive side is calling: an analysis of florida contract performance
authors: benjamin m. brunjes
abstract: competition over the allocation of scarce resources motivates many public policy choices, and increasingly influences the management of public organizations. with the rise of the business-like approach espoused by adherents of �new public management,� competitive mechanisms are increasingly used in the public sector to improve organization and program performance. despite the wide acceptance of competition as a viable method to improve public management, little large n empirical work has been done to determine whether competition improves performance, especially in the networked, cross-sectoral setting of modern governance. analyzing nearly 20,000 florida contracts over a three-year period, this research explores whether competitive sourcing procedures lead to improved contractor performance. results show that competitive sourcing may be associated with higher contract spending and undesirable contract outcomes. other factors, including experience, existing relationships, and lower transaction costs, are more likely to lead to better performance.
7. title: motivated to serve: a regulatory perspective on public service motivation and organizational citizenship behavior
authors: mathieu molines, matthieu mifsud, ass�ad el akremi, antony perrier
abstract: drawing on regulatory focus theory, we investigate how public employees� regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention focus) at work affect public service motivation (psm) and change-oriented and maintenance-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (change-ocb; maintenance-ocb). the results, based on a three-wave study of 1,397 french police officers, empirically support expectations that the two regulatory orientations may activate psm differently and are positively associated with change-ocb and maintenance-ocb. these findings underline the role of regulatory orientations as key psychological sources of psm and ocb, extending existing public administration knowledge. this article suggests that police organizations could benefit from integrating regulatory focus insights into their practices.
8. title: can leadership training improve organizational effectiveness? evidence from a randomized field experiment on transformational and transactional leadership
authors: christian b�tcher jacobsen, lotte b�gh andersen, anne b�llingtoft, tine louise mundbjerg eriksen
abstract: based on evidence from a large-scale leadership training field experiment, this article advances our knowledge about the possibilities for training leaders toward more active and effective leadership. in the field experiment, public and private leaders were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three leadership training programs: transformational, transactional, or a combined program. employee responses from 463 organizations show that the training can affect leadership behavior positively in very different organizations (primary and secondary schools, daycare centers, tax centers, and bank units). furthermore, for the subsample of school principals, we find some evidence of training effects on performance in standardized tests in elementary schools and final exams in lower secondary schools. we discuss these findings in relation to training content and performance criteria.
9. title: management of multiple accountabilities through setting priorities: evidence from a cross-national conjoint experiment
authors: marija aleksovska, thomas schillemans, stephan grimmelikhuijsen
abstract: public sector actors are continuously being held accountable by a multitude of accountability forums. responding to the forums� demands often requires prioritizing between them. this study investigates how those prioritization choices are made. drawing on two competing perspectives: the classical view of accountability as �answerability� which emphasizes hierarchy and control, and the modern interpretation of accountability as �management of expectations� which highlights the strategic management of relations, we identify four factors whose influence on prioritization choices we investigate. using a conjoint experiment, we investigate the prioritization decisions of civil servants in the united kingdom and the netherlands. we find that the threat of sanction, which is central in the answerability perspective, is consistently the most important driver of prioritization decisions. the management of expectations, focusing on forum expertise and relationships with the accountability forums, appears to be largely context dependent and helps to explain additional, more fine-grained variations.
10. title: the expectancy-disconfirmation model and citizen satisfaction with public services: a meta-analysis and an agenda for best practice
authors: jiasheng zhang, wenna chen, nicolai petrovsky, richard m. walker
abstract: the expectancy-disconfirmation model has become the predominant approach in explaining citizen satisfaction with public services. it posits that citizens compare the performance of a service against their expectations of that service. satisfaction occurs if the perceived performance meets or exceeds the expectations. we provide the first meta-analysis of the empirical evidence on this relationship, and find that the model is supported across studies. however, our meta-analysis also indicates that research design choices affect the results and that the scope of public services examined is not comprehensive. we make best practice recommendations for future research to improve the measurement of citizen satisfaction.
11. title: municipal structure matters: evidence from government fiscal performance
authors: wenchi wei
abstract: evidence for the fundamental presumption that municipal structure matters for government performance is smaller and weaker than many might expect. this research contributes evidence to the literature by focusing on how municipal structure affects government fiscal performance. municipal structure is operationalized by constructing an index on a political-administrative scale based on seven essential structural characteristics. as the index score increases, the municipal structure becomes less political and more administrative or professional. theoretically, municipal structure can affect government performance by influencing managerial professionalism, managerial strategy stance, and the relative attention of government officials to managerial accountability and efficiency. the empirical evidence shows that municipalities adopting a structure with an imbalance toward administrative characteristics are more likely to achieve the best fiscal conditions in cash solvency, dependence on intergovernmental revenues, and outstanding debt level. moreover, municipal structure moderates the influence of external environmental factors on government fiscal conditions.
12. title: public management for populists: trump's schedule f executive order and the future of the civil service
authors: donald p. moynihan
abstract: for over a century, the value of employee protections and limits on direct political control has been the sine qua non of a merit-based bureaucracy for the us public service. such assumptions are at odds with the desire of populist governments to exert control over institutions of governance. this tension emerged during the trump administration. trump's schedule f executive order sought to transform much of the career public service into political appointees, allowing them to be removed if they were not performing according to the president's goals. in the chaotic last days of the trump administration, the order was not implemented, but schedule f offers both a glimpse of an alternative process for public management policymaking that excludes the field of public administration, as well as a potential harbinger for the future of the us civil service.
13. title: what is behavioral public administration good for?
authors: anthony m bertelli, norma m. riccucci
abstract: public administration has seen an influx of work addressing something that has been called �behavioral public administration (bpa)�; a hallmark of bpa is the examination of public administration from a micro-level perspective with attention to the psychological aspects of human behavior. however, scholars of public administration have long applied a micro-level lens to their research, even from a psychological standpoint. we argue here that the call for bpa is mainly an appeal for greater reliance on an analytical lens or research method, namely experimental designs. as argued here, however, little attention has been given to major drawbacks: experiments tend not to be theory driven, they overstate their importance to policy and management, and they fail to capture the significance of politics and institutions. if bpa is to be more than a passing fancy, the limits of experimentation must be reevaluated for public administration.
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14. title: inequality, federalism, and politics in the u.s.: a review essay kettl, donald f., the divided states of america: why federalism doesn't work (princeton, nj: princeton university press, 2020). mann, thomas e. and ornstein, norman j., it's even worse than it looks: how the american constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism (new york: basic books, 2012).
authors: uday desai
abstract: the article reviews the book �the divided states of america: why federalism doesn't work� by donald f. kettl, terrence bayes, and �it's even worse than it looks: how the american constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism� by thomas e. mann and norman j. ornstein.
15. title: kleine, andrew, city on the line: how baltimore transformed its budget to beat the great recession and deliver outcomes (lanham, md: rowman & littlefield, 2019). 279 p. isbn: 978-1-5381-2187-0.
authors: hannah lebovits
abstract: the article reviews the book �city on the line: how baltimore transformed its budget to beat the great recession and deliver outcomes� by andrew kleine.
16. title: how to �run� the many moving parts in and around democratic government? cohen, nissim, policy entrepreneurship at the street level (cambridge: cambridge university press, 2021). 89 pp. (including index), $20 (paperback), isbn: 9781108818865.
authors: jos c. n. raadschelders
abstract: the article reviews the book �policy entrepreneurship at the street level� by nissim cohen.
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