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��ࡱ�>�� y[����x��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r��bjbj�n�n2,��a��a� �������""������������8�4-�zmlaaaaauuu�l�l�l�l�l�l�l$�n��qfm�uuuuum��aa44m777u��a�a�l7u�l777a�������/j�����c7�ljm0zm7�ql�q77�/�q��i�uu7uuuuumm�luuuzmuuuu���������������������������������������������������������������������quuuuuuuuu"q s: journal of political economy volume 130, issue 3, march 2022 1. title: welfare reform and the intergenerational transmission of dependence. authors: hartley, robert paul; lamarche, carlos; ziliak, james p. abstract: we investigate the effect of welfare reform on intergenerational welfare participation, using mother-daughter pairs in the panel study of income dynamics. we find that a mother's aid to families with dependent children/temporary assistance for needy families (afdc/tanf) participation increased her daughter's odds of adult participation in that program by roughly 25 percentage points or more, but that welfare reform attenuated this transmission by at least 50%. however, there is no diminution of transmission after welfare reform when we consider the wider safety net or other outcomes. daughters who grew up with mothers on afdc/tanf were no better off after reform, with substitution toward other welfare programs over generations. 2. title: monopoly pricing, optimal randomization, and resale. authors: loertscher, simon; muir, ellen v. abstract: we provide a parsimonious and unified explanation for randomized selling mechanisms widely used in practice yet commonly perceived as puzzling. optimality of randomization in the form of conflation and rationing implies that revenue under market-clearing pricing is nonconcave. randomization is implementable via opaque pricing and underpricing. relative to market-clearing pricing, randomization increases the equilibrium quantity and quality of goods sold and, consequently, may increase consumer surplus. for fixed quantities, resale increases consumer surplus. however, resale can decrease the equilibrium quantity and quality of goods sold. thus, resale prohibition, which always benefits the seller, may also increase consumer surplus. 3. title: are there too many farms in the world? labor market transaction costs, machine capacities, and optimal farm size. authors: foster, andrew d.; rosenzweig, mark r. abstract: we show that labor market transaction costs explain why the smallest farms are more efficient than slightly larger farms in most low-income countries and that increases in machine capacity with operational scale result in the globally observed rising upper tail of productivity. we find evidence consistent with these mechanisms using indian data, and we show that if all indian farms were at the minimum scale required to maximize the return on land, the number of farms would be reduced by 82% and income per farm worker would rise by 68%. 4. title: ordinary least squares estimation of the intrahousehold distribution of expenditure. authors: lechene, val�rie; pendakur, krishna; wolf, alex. abstract: we provide a method to estimate resource shares�the fraction of total household expenditure allocated to each household member�using linear (e.g., ordinary least squares) estimation of engel curves. the method is a linear reframing of the 2013 nonlinear model of dunbar, lewbel, and pendakur, extended to allow single-parent and other complex households, scale economies in assignable goods, and complementarities between nonassignable goods and supplemented with a linear identification test. we apply the model to data from 12 countries and investigate resource shares, gender gaps, and poverty at the individual level. we reject equal sharing and find large gender gaps in resource shares, and consequently in poverty rates, in some countries. 5. title: why does education reduce crime? authors: bell, brian; costa, rui; machin, stephen. abstract: we provide a unifying empirical framework to study why crime reductions occurred due to a sequence of state-level dropout age reforms enacted between 1980 and 2010 in the united states. because the reforms changed the shape of crime-age profiles, they generate both a short-term incapacitation effect and a more sustained crime-reducing effect. in contrast to previous research looking at earlier us education reforms, we find that reform-induced crime reduction does not arise primarily from education improvements. decomposing short- and long-run effects, the observed longer-run effect for the post-1980 education reforms is primarily attributed to dynamic incapacitation. 6. title: how much does your boss make? the effects of salary comparisons. authors: cullen, zo�; perez-truglia, ricardo. abstract: the vast majority of the pay inequality in organizations comes from differences in pay between employees and their bosses. but are employees aware of these pay disparities? are employees demotivated by this inequality? to address these questions, we conducted a natural field experiment with a sample of 2,060 employees from a multibillion-dollar corporation in southeast asia. we document large misperceptions among employees about the salaries of their managers and smaller but still significant misperceptions of the salaries of their peers, and we show that these perceptions have a significant causal effect on the employees' own behavior.     $'/027:<=>@hi������ʻʬʚ��wobtm?t2thj�5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^j h��h��h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�h�5�cjojqj^jajh��5�cjojqj^jajh�]05�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj=>?��� �  .  ����y�������������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4�������� � � � � � � � �  , - . 7 8 ������������v��fv��fv��xjh��hu<�ojqj^jo(h��h�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h��hj�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(hicy5�ojqj^jh��h��5�ojqj^j h��h�� !"#)*��������������������ž��ž��ž��x�k]oh h��h��h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(h��hanojqj^jh��hto�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jhvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^j h��h��hto�hto�5�ojqj^j hto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(wxyab������������������ƿ���ƪ���vi[mf8ihs""hs""5�ojqj^j hs""hs""h�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h� )h$?�ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^j h��h��h��h��5�ojqj^j h��h��h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^j����������������������������vi[mf8ih�[�h�[�5�ojqj^j h�[�h�[�hr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hs""h)w�ojqj^jo(hs""hs""ojqj^j hs""hs""h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(h�ps5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^j h��h��h�psh�ps5�ojqj^jhvi�h�ps5�ojqj^j������������������������������gd�gd)w�gdr7a����!"������������������������rgyqmqmqmqmyh>:�jh>:�uhj<hj<5�ojqjo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�[�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�[�h�[�ojqj^j h�[�h�[�h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jh��h��5�ojqj^j h��h��hr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^j01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s�� ��s2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@pj_hmh nhsh thj`��j ck�e $1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$ ؞���k=�w[sobi���b nf�h�&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=���in����a7���qb&>!"�h [�� �lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=���q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl���%�� ��n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax���/=x e��'5��&\�h�4da���,ye\}�)�l�a�����r�^��*�z���y�v-wowz�n�]��:m�v�=t�c���w��r�b���*i�v�u�r��u����|�nc`�|����*^����pk! ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m �0���wooӻ�&݈э���5 6?$q�� �,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��6 0_rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!���f���theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-! ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]� �,���� �������@� @���������h ��0�( � ����0�( � ��b �s ���� ?�27���� bl��, : b i k r t | � � � � d q � �  ���������<��<?���������$'/027:<??h����������� ,--7)�����  w a � � � � � � � � ����!������q04e��n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�= {u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~�� {r�v �4�1l2q �"�i aha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*� 7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�` rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a 6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[� k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~� ��y��k� ?i��� * �? 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